Soil moisture is one of the core hydrological and climate variables that crucially influences water energy budgets. The spatial resolution available soil products generally coarser than 25 km, which limits their hydro-meteorological eco-hydrological applications management resources at watershed agricultural scales. A feasible solution to overcome these limitations downscale coarse with support...

In recent decades, microwave remote sensing (RS) has been used to measure soil moisture (SM). Long-term and large-scale RS SM datasets derived from various sensors have in environmental fields. Understanding the accuracies of products is essential for their proper applications. However, due mismatched spatial scale between ground-based observations, truth at pixel may not be accurately represen...

Drought is a natural disaster with long duration and which causes great harm. Studying the characteristics of drought evolution in Shanxi Province can grasp regularity occurrence provide basis for prevention resistance. This study utilizes MODIS products to analyze quantify extent specific area. The calculates several indices, including Crop Water Stress Index (CWSI), Vegetation Supply (VSWI), ...

Abstract The assessment of drought hazards is important due to their socio-economic impacts on water resources, agriculture, and ecosystems. In this study, the effects changing area canopy Lake Urmia watershed in northwest Iran have been monitored evaluated. For purpose, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was calculated short medium periods (1-month 3-month) determine dry-spell basin. revie...

Remote Sensing (RS) offers efficient tools for drought monitoring, especially in countries with a lack of reliable and consistent in-situ multi-temporal datasets. In this study, novel RS-based Drought Index (RSDI) named Temperature-Vegetation-soil Moisture-Precipitation (TVMPDI) was proposed. To the best our knowledge, TVMPDI is first RSDI using four different indicators its formulation. then v...

The temperature of a city’s surface is influenced by many factors, including human-dependent ones that can be shaped, such as the urban density, condition vegetation, presence water bodies, and soil moisture. Knowledge on this subject allows for improving climate through better planning construction infrastructure adapting cities to change avoiding deadly heat waves increasingly threatening Eur...