Joint velocity/scalar imaging measurements are performed in turbulent premixed natural-gas/air flames to better characterize the turbulent flux of mean reaction progress variable, ru0c0. Simultaneous two-dimensional measurements of the velocity field and the relative OH concentration are obtained by particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of the OH radical,...

A parallel adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm is proposed and applied to the prediction of steady turbulent non-premixed compressible combusting flows in three space dimensions. The parallel solution-adaptive algorithm solves the system of partial-differential equations governing turbulent compressible flows of reactive thermally perfect gaseous mixtures using a fully coupled finite-volum...

XVI CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND 1 1.1 GENERAL DISCUSSIONS 1 1.1.1 TYPES OF FLAMES 1 1.1.2 NO FORMATION MECHANISMS 3 1.1.1.1 THERMAL NO 3 1.1.1.2 PROMPT NO 4 1.1.1.3 FUEL NO 5 1.1.1.4 N2O PATHWAY 5 1.1.1.5 NO2 PATHWAY 6 1.1.1.6 NNH PATHWAY 6 1.1.2 PLANAR LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE 7 1.2 MOTIVATION 9 1.3 OBJECTIVES 11 1.4 LITERATURE REVIEW 12 1.4.1 ANHYDROUS AMMONIA (NH3) COMBUSTION 13 1.4.2 EFFECTS OF...

In order to evaluate transport properties in turbulent premixed flames, a propagating turbulent premixed flame in an incoming homogeneous isotropic turbulence is directly simulated assuming a single-step irreversible Arrhenius-type reaction. To investigate the production of turbulent kinetic energy in the flame region, Favre averaged transport equation of turbulent kinetic energy along streamwi...

The field effects of buoyancy on laminar and turbulent premixed v-flames have been studied by the use of laser Doppler velocimetry to measure the velocity statistics in +1g, -1g and μg flames. The experimental conditions covered mean velocity, Uo, of 0.4 to 2 m/s, methane/air equivalence ratio, φ, of 0.62 to 0.75. The Reynolds numbers, from 625 to 3130 and the Richardson number from 0.05 to 1.3...

Title of Thesis: CHARACTERIZING CIGARETTE LIGHTER FLAMES TO REDUCE UNWANTED IGNITION Justin Wade Williamson, Master of Sciences, 2003 Thesis Directed By: Professor André W. Marshall Department of Fire Protection Engineering This investigation provides detailed measurements and analysis for improved understanding of ignition from the ‘small’ flames produced by cigarette lighters. This research p...

Numerical investigations have been conducted on the effect of the internal geometry of a local contraction on the spontaneous ignition of pressurized hydrogen release through a length of tube using a 5-order WENO scheme. A mixture-averaged multi-component approach was used for accurate calculation of molecular transport. The auto-ignition and combustion chemistry were accounted for using a 21-s...