In this study, modeling of a fuel jet which has been injected by high pressure into a low-pressure tank are investigated. Due to the initial conditions and the geometry of this case and similar cases (like CNG injectors in internal combustion engines (ICE)), the barrel shocks and Mach disk are observed. Hence a turbulence and transient flow will be expected with lots of shocks and waves. Accord...

background acupuncture has recently received considerable attention around the world due to its cost-effectiveness, few side effects, and well-established analgesic properties. objectives the present study aimed to identify the factors that might lead to using acupuncture for pain relief. patients and methods this qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis method. the s...

Promoters are upstream gene regulatory sequences recognized by transcription factors (TFs) involved in controlling initiation and progression. For modern crop improvement, the design of efficient constructs relies on promoter efficiency, tissue specificity, other characteristics that allow introgression agronomically relevant traits to overcome biotic abiotic stresses. Several constitutive vira...

We present a new model of turbulence spreading in magnetically confined plasma. A basic question in turbulence spreading is how to sustain finite amplitude fluctuations in a stable subcritical region, where linear dissipation of the turbulence is strong? The answer to this question relies on a consistent treatment of mesoscale temperature profile corrugation and microscale turbulence. We argue ...

Recent experimental and theoretical studies of two-dimensional (2D) turbulence reveal that spectrally condensed turbulence which is a system of coupled large-scale coherent flow and broadband turbulence, is similar to plasma turbulence near the L-H transition threshold. Large condensate vortices fed via the turbulent inverse energy cascade, can control both the level of the broadband turbulence...