Characteristics of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami have been revealed by collaborative tsunami surveys extensively performed under the coordination of the Joint Tsunami Survey Group. The complex behaviors of the mega-tsunami were characterized by the unprecedented scale and the low occurrence frequency. The limitation and the performance of tsunami countermeasures were described on the basis of tsunami...

Tsunami wave generation by submarine landslides of a variable volume in a basin of variable depth is studied within the shallow-water theory. The problem of landslide induced tsunami wave generation and propagation is studied analytically for two specific convex bottom profiles (h∼ x4/3 and h∼ x4). In these cases the basic equations can be reduced to the constant-coefficient wave equation with ...

This report describes an R&D activity conducted during FY 1998 to develop tsunami forecasting tools for the Pacific Disaster Center (PDC). The activity included analytical and numerical sensitivity studies of tsunami wave characteristics offshore of Hawaii, for ranges of earthquake source parameters in the Alaska-Aleutian Subduction Zone (AASZ); this region is a major source of destructive tsun...

The tsunami science and engineering began in Japan, the country the most frequently hit by local and distant tsunamis. The gate to the tsunami science was opened in 1896 by a giant local tsunami of the highest run-up height of 38 m that claimed 22,000 lives. The crucial key was a tide record to conclude that this tsunami was generated by a "tsunami earthquake". In 1933, the same area was hit ag...

Among 777 patients transferred to 4 hospitals in Bangkok from southern Thailand after the tsunami of 26 December 2004, there were 515 with skin and soft-tissue infections. The most common organisms isolated were Aeromonas species (145 [22.6%] of 641 isolates from 305 patients). Most isolates were susceptible to aminoglycosides, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, and imipen...

A novel tool for tsunami wave modelling is presented. This tool has the potential of being used for operational purposes: indeed, the numerical code VOLNA is able to handle the complete life-cycle of a tsunami (generation, propagation and run-up along the coast). The algorithm works on unstructured triangular meshes and thus can be run in arbitrary complex domains. This paper contains the detai...

Natural geohazards, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and volcanic collapse, are of immediate societal concern. In an oceanic setting (Fig. 1), all are capable of generating tsunami that threaten coastal zones at distances of many thousands of kilometers. This power and its effects were forcefully shown by the giant earthquake (� w 9.2) and tsunami of 26 December 2004 off t...

Since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the most destructive tsunami in recorded history, worldwide awareness of tsunami hazard has peaked and global expansion of tsunami forecasting tools has made dramatic progress in both instruments and technology. Two of the most seminal advances in tsunami forecast since the Indian Ocean tsunami are: 1) the deployment of an extensive network of sensors to acq...

Numerical simulations were generated using a nonlinear shallow-water model of velocity potential to study the fundamental processes tsunami generation and amplification by atmospheric pressure waves. When an wave catches up with existing that is propagating as free over abrupt change in water depth, amplified propagates shallower water. An sloping seabed also being passed waves travel surface p...