To efficiently plan and deploy wireless sensor networks in palm orchards, it is crucial to obtain preliminary knowledge of radio signal propagation and strength distribution characteristics. Various received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurements were taken with antennas, operating with a 2.4-GHz band and located 0.05 m away from trunks. The RSSI measurements, at seven different antenna ...

Introduction The brachial plexus is a complex structure which is divided into roots, trunks, divisions and cords. The brachial plexus is formed by the union of ventral rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and greater part of T1.These ventral rami are the roots of brachial plexus, almost equal in size but variable in their mode of junction. Ventral rami of C5 and C6 unite at the lateral border of the scalenus...

PURPOSE We present a systematic study of the anatomical relationship between the intrarenal veins and the kidney collecting system in pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The intrarenal anatomy (collecting system and veins) was studied in 61, 3-dimensional endocasts of the kidney collecting system together with the intrarenal veins. RESULTS There are free anastomoses between the intrarenal veins. Th...

Animals often depend on properties of reflected light (e.g. color, brightness) to locate resources. We compared reflectance properties of tree trunks with surrounding vegetation, and examined how differences in reflectance profiles of surrogate tree trunks (red, yellow, green, blue, black, gray, dark gray and white sheets) affected the directed aerial descent of worker Cephalotes atratus (L.) a...

We characterized the influence of high pressure and low pressure intravascular receptors on renal nerve activity in the pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized nonhuman primate Macaca fascicularis. Epinephrine-induced increases in arterial pressure were used to stimulate high pressure receptors, and intravascular volume expansion was used to stimulate both high and low pressure receptors. In addition...

Dense point clouds can be collected efficiently from large areas using mobile laser scanning (MLS) technology. Accurate MLS data can be used for detailed 3D modelling of the road surface and objects around it. The 3D models can be utilised, for example, in street planning and maintenance and noise modelling. Utility poles, traffic signs, and lamp posts can be considered an important part of roa...

Trunks of large trees play an important role in whole-plant water balance but technical difficulties have limited most hydraulic research to small stems, leaves, and roots. To investigate the dynamics of water-related processes in tree trunks, such as winter embolism refilling, xylem hydraulic vulnerability, and water storage, volumetric water content (VWC) in the main stem was monitored contin...