Androgen deprivation therapy is initially effective for treating patients with advanced prostate cancer; however, the prostate cancer gradually becomes resistant to androgen deprivation therapy, which is termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7), one of the causes of CRPC, is correlated with resistance to a new-generation AR antagonist (enzal...

The tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission TRMM 3B42 V7 product and its successor, the Global Precipitation Measurement Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM IMERG high-resolution V5, have been validated against rain gauges precipitation in an arid mountainous basin where ground-based observations of are sparse, or spatially undistributed. This paper aims to evaluate hydro-statically perfo...

Validation of precipitation estimates from various products is a challenging problem, since the true precipitation is unknown. However, with the increased availability of precipitation estimates from a wide range of instruments (satellite, ground-based radar, and gauge), it is now possible to apply the triple collocation (TC) technique to characterize the uncertainties in each of the products. ...

The recent manuscript in New England Journal of Medicine by Antonarakis et al. [1] has important clinical implications. This study evaluates mRNA expression of a particular androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7), in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone. The findings were striking, none of the...

An edge of a k-connected graph is said to be k-contractible if its contraction yields a k-connected graph. A non-complete k-connected graph possessing no k-contractible edges is called contraction-critical k-connected. Let G be a contraction-critical 7-connected graph with n vertices, and V7 the set of vertices of degree 7 in G. In this paper, we prove that |V7| ≥ n 22 , which improves the resu...

Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is primarily an androgen-dependent disease, which is treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Tumors usually develop resistance (castration-resistant PCa [CRPC]), but remain androgen receptor (AR) dependent. Numerous mechanisms for AR-dependent resistance have been identified including expression of constitutively active AR splice variants lacking the ho...

This study evaluates the capacity of three gridded precipitation products (MSWEP V2.2, TRMM-3B42 V7, and GPM-IMERG V6) to detect in Min Jiang watershed, a data-scarce mountainous region western China. A set statistical contingency indices is calculated for compared with rain gauge observations at 23 ground stations from July 2000 May 2016. Consistency between datasets examined different tempora...

The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), jointly sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA, previously known as National Space Development Agency, or NASDA), is the first coordinated international satellite mission to monitor and study tropical and subtropical rain systems (Simpson et al., 1988). A detail descriptio...