Light transmission on the surface of the rotating Earth is examined using the Langevin metric of general relativity. It is shown that this metric which yields the rigorously tested and verified algorithm for clock synchronization in the Global Positioning System (GPS) also predicts east-west light speed anisotropy that is inconsistent with light speed isotropy postulated to hold at a local leve...

BACKGROUND Much research in epidemiology has been focused on evaluating conventional methods of control strategies in the event of an epidemic or pandemic. Travel restrictions are often suggested as an efficient way to reduce the spread of a contagious disease that threatens public health, but few papers have studied in depth the effects of travel restrictions. In this study, we investigated wh...

Evidence shows that the use of micromobility vehicles is currently skewed towards young men, who are more likely to adopt risky behaviours, such as fast or aggressive riding. However, research on travel behaviour founded GPS data has repeatedly failed disaggregate findings by gender, account for intertwined sociodemographic identities. In this study, we investigate how bike-share cyclists and p...

R oad user cost is an important consideration in highway economic analyses. The two main components of this cost are (a) motorvehicle running cost and (b) travel time. Highway engineers and economists know that, for road user costs (running costs plus travel time), lower traffic volume usually provides the least unit cost; as volume increases, the cost to the user increases because of congestio...

Speed as a crucial phenomenon of modernism affects individual and collective life of human being and changes the traits of the places people live in. Increasing speed is the demand of the modern era, though on the other side in recent years there is a contrary incline towards slowing down different aspects of life. In view of this, the dualities in between social features of Speed up and slow d...

Travel Demands influence micro-level traffic behavior, furthermore traffic states. In order to evaluate the effect of travel demands on traffic states, this paper introduces the DemandMotivation-Behaviors (DMB) micro traffic behavior analysis model which denotes that vehicles behaviors are determines by motivations that relies on traffic demands from the perspective of behavior science. For veh...

BACKGROUND Migrations allow animals to find food resources, rearing habitats, or mates, but often impose considerable predation risk. Several behavioural strategies may reduce this risk, including faster travel speed and taking routes with shorter total distance. Descriptions of the natural range of variation in migration strategies among individuals and populations is necessary before the ecol...

We present a new method of surface wave tomography based on applying the Eikonal equation to observed phase travel time surfaces computed from seismic ambient noise. The source-receiver reciprocity in the ambient noise method implies that each station can be considered to be an effective source and the phase travel time between that source and all other stations is used to track the phase front...