Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases all over the world, which impacts socioeconomics of families and health care systems. We aimed to investigate the economic burden of pediatric asthmain Iran and to examine its variability depending on asthma severity. Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study 141 pediatric asthmatic patients, who referred to pediatric referral cent...

Waste collection and transportation is considered as the most costly stage of waste management, to the extent that more than 70% of the total waste management costs are related to this sector. The aim of this study was to analyze the cost of the waste collection and transportation system of the 5th district of Tabriz, Iran, in 2015. For this purpose, the maps of collection routes and locations ...

Nacrtak The importance of forest wood chips as fuel for energy production will increase relative to sawmill by-products. The additional production is not a question of potential (harvesting residues, wood from thinning, coppice stands and short rotation forests) but more so a question of economic feasibility. The analyses of different chip production systems resulted in the identification of tw...

In wagonload traffic, a production form in railway freight traffic, small groups of wagons have to be transported. In order to decrease transportation costs, wagons from different relations are consolidated. In railyards trains can be separated and rearranged to new trains. The costs arising from this process, which is called reclassification, must be balanced with the transportation costs. The...

Cities are dependent on their hinterlands for their function and survival. They provide resources such as people, materials, water, food and energy, as well as areas for waste disposal. Over the last 50 years, commerce and trade has become increasingly global with resources sourced from further afield often due to cheap labour costs, better transportation and a plentiful supply of energy and ra...

250 Word count: 5255 Text + 5 Tables + 3 Figures = 7255 Resubmission Date: November 15, 2007 Paper accepted for Presentation and Publication in the Transportation Research Record, Journal of Transportation Research Board after being presented Transportation Research Board’s 87 Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., 2008 TRB 2008 Annual Meeting CD-ROM Paper revised from original submittal. 2 ABSTRACT...

high speed intercity passenger rail is an inherently strong railway application. it operates over 250 km/hour. for perspective, high-speed represents the ultimate development of preexisting standard gauge infrastructure. network of high-speed passenger rail lines aimed at reducing accident, reducing traffic congestion, air pollution cutting national dependence on foreign oil and improving rural...

This study analyzes an integrated inventory control and transportation planning problem with carbon emissions regulations. We investigate the economic order quantity model with less-than-truckload (LTL) and truckload (TL) transportation under carbon cap, cap and trade, cap and offset, and taxing policies. We find the retailer’s optimal order quantity under each regulation with LTL and TL carrie...