hub location-allocation problems are currently a subject of keen interest in the research community. however, when this issue is considered in practice, significant difficulties such as traffic, commodity transportation and telecommunication tend to be overlooked. in this paper, a novel robust mathematical model for a p-hub covering problem, which tackles the intrinsic uncertainty of some param...

In this paper, a new structure is provided for the dispersion compensating photonic crystal fibers in order to broaden the chromatic dispersion and increase the dispersion compensating capability in a wide wavelength range. In the structure, putting a combination of circular holes and a star structure in the inner core clad causes the dispersion coefficient profile to be broadened, and addition...

Telecommunication tower is an important component of the basic infrastructure of communication systems and thus preserving them in events of natural disasters - such as a severe earthquake - is of high priority. In past studies, researchers have mostly considered the effects of wind and earthquake-induced loads on 3-legged (triangular cross-section) self-supporting steel telecommunication tower...

about half a century ago, following the introduction of urban sprawl up concept, various studies have been conducted to describe the mechanism and the formation of this phenomenon. some of these studies aimed at finding the negative and positive impacts of such phenomenon on urban area with emphasis on how such concept may be looked open from environmental, economical and social perspectives.th...

Tourism is one of the rapid growing economic sectors in world. Destination competitiveness became an imperative aspect for every country as it determines tourism revenue country. Infrastructure determinants destination competitiveness. There are two kinds infrastructure namely hard and soft infrastructure. The current study investigated impact (transportation, telecommunication, accommodation) ...

the network design problem (ndp) is one of the important problems in combinatorial optimization. among the network design problems, the multicommodity capacitated network design (mcnd) problem has numerous applications in transportation, logistics, telecommunication, and production systems. the mcnd problems with splittable flow variables are np-hard, which means they require exponential time t...

Technology already exists to capture and communicate a variety of information from motor vehicles. Automobiles are equipped with sensors and can reliably report their location, velocity, and condition via cellular telecommunications. Truck location tracking with global positioning systems is common, and prototype systems exist for characterizing surrounding traffic and roadway conditions. Given...

There are a number of important societal problems that resist conventional, i.e., centralized, solutions. The problems affect the management of our economic systems, climate, energy systems, transportation systems, telecommunication systems, and infrastructure. They are characterized as being distributed and many-faceted, with a large number of interdependent components. For example, the routes...