BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections are commonly performed for temporary pain relief or diagnostic presurgical planning in patients with cervical radiculopathy. Intravascular injection of steroids during the procedure can potentially result in cord infarct, stroke, and even death. CT-fluoroscopy allows excellent anatomic resolution and precise needle posit...

BACKGROUND Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a standard technique for the treatment of lumbar disc hernia. Thus far, most surgeons have recommended local anesthesia. However, in clinical practice, some patients experience pain and are unable to cooperate with the surgery during intervertebral foramen hemp expansion. The use of general anesthesia may create a greater risk of co...

RATIONALE Transforaminal epidural glucocorticoids administration is widely performed for the management of lumbosacral radiculopathy. However, it may worsen the condition of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) was recently noted as a substitute for glucocorticoids. PATIENT CONCERNS A 44-year-old male patient was admitted to our pain clinic with symptoms...

There has been recent concern regarding the safety of cervical epidural steroid injections. The decision to proceed with treatment requires balancing the risk and benefits. This article is an in depth review of the efficacy, complications, and technique of both interlaminar and transforaminal cervical epidural steroid injections in the management of cervical radiculitis.

BACKGROUND Cervical epidural steroid injections can be performed through either interlaminar or transforaminal approaches, although the interlaminar approach is more frequently used, for cervical radicular pain as a result of cervical disc herniation or spinal stenosis. Cervical selective nerve root block (CSNRB) is an injection that uses a similar approach to that of cervical transforaminal ep...

Introduction: Lowback pain is one of the most common chronic disorders, with 2-3% incidence lumbar disk herniations among population. Epidural corticosteroid injections have been used since 1952 for treatment radiculopathy or without discogenic back in patient failed medical and conservative management. Local Steroids such as triamcinolone acetate acts by limiting inflammatory response. Several...

Background: Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) has become popular over the years due to its safety and low invasiveness. This surgery can be performed with different anesthesia techniques; however, extent which surgeon patient are satisfied analgesia is debatable. Objectives: study investigated efficiency of S1 epidural block. Methods: retrospective was conducted on 60 pat...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the sharp and blunt needles in order to determine the incidence of complications during transforaminal anterior epidural steroid injections. METHODS In this retrospective study, 185 cases that undergo transforaminal epidural steroid injection with sharp or blunt needles were evaluated between June 2004 and December 2008. Patients age, sex, diagn...