Detection of Metal Defects on Gas Distribution Pipeline by Remote Field Eddy Current (RFEC) Using Finite-Element Analysis — It is necessary to find out whether there are metal defects on underground gas distribution pipelines without excavation in order to establish safety strategies for replacement or maintenance. The metal defects are classified into general corrosion, stress corrosion cracki...

There must be few other situations where there are eager purchasers of natural gas (India and Pakistan), willing suppliers of natural gas (Turkmenistan, Iran, Qatar and Oman), and yet, no pipeline. The distances involved are modest, and techno-economic viability appears straightforward. This paper examines in detail the policy, technology, and economics of an overland pipeline supplying natural...

This special report looks at the use of natural gas pipeline compressor stations on the interstate natural gas pipeline network that serves the lower 48 States. It examines the compression facilities added over the past 10 years and how the expansions have supported pipeline capacity growth intended to meet the increasing demand for natural gas. Questions or comments on the contents of this art...

There must be few other situations where there are eager purchasers of natural gas (India and Pakistan), willing suppliers of natural gas (Turkmenistan, Iran, Qatar and Oman), and yet, no pipeline. The distances involved are modest, and techno-economic viability appears straightforward. This paper examines in detail the policy, technology, and economics of an overland pipeline supplying natural...

In the oil and gas industry, the pipeline is a major component in the transmission and distribution process of oil and gas. Oil and gas distribution process sometimes performed past the pipeline across the various types of environmental conditions. Therefore, in the transmission and distribution process of oil and gas, a pipeline should operate safely so that it does not harm the surrounding en...

Economical design with sufficient fracture resistance is of high importance in any offshore pipeline projects. Using an Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA), alternate acceptance criteria for pipeline girth weld inspection can significantly reduce the cost of constructing of offshore oil and gas pipeline by minimizing unnecessary repairs. Offshore pipelines consist of short pipeline segments c...

Methane is one of the most serious greenhouse gases contributing to irreversible climate change. The contribution of methane emissions from leaking pipelines and the expected increased throughput through the pipelines prompted the natural gas industry to set a goal of reducing emissions by 50% by 2010. The integrity of the pipelines is critical to the safety of the gas transportation infrastruc...

The Caspian Sea is heavily polluted due to industrial and agricultural effluents as well as extraction of oil and gas reserves. Microbial communities can influence the fate of contaminants and nutrients. However, insight into the microbial ecology of the Caspian Sea significantly lags behind other marine systems. Here we describe microbial biomass, diversity and composition in sediments collect...

in this research an algorithm based on monte carlo simulation is introduced to assess the risk of fire following earthquake in residential, industrial, educational, and governmental land-uses in district no. 20 of tehran. the proposed algorithm consist of different modules including hazard analysis, vulnerability assessment, leak and break analysis of damaged pipeline, ignition probability anal...