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introduction: the use of panoramic radiography has shown a remarkable expansion over the past 20 years. accurate positioning and preparation of patients is needed to avoid image distortion. the aim of this study was to evaluate the common errors on panoramic radiographs taken in the radiology department of rasht dental school. materials and methods: the study sample included 390 digital panoram...

In this paper, combined GPS and GLONASS positioning systems are discussed and some solutions have been proposed to improve the accuracy of navigation. Global Satellite Navigation System (GNSS) is able to provide position, velocity and time with respect to coordinated universal time. GNSS positioning is based on received satellite signals, so its performance is highly dependent on the quality of...

considering the large amount of investment in railway transportation systems, effective use of resources is highly important. typically, in order to utilize the line capacity, train scheduling plays a substantial role and thus attracts lots of attention all over the world. various train-scheduling models are introduced, according to different conditions of different countries. however, for iran...

The automotive and railway industries are rapidly transforming with a strong drive toward automation digitalization, the goal of increased convenience, safety, efficiency, sustainability. Since assisted fully automated train transport services increasingly rely on vehicle-to-everything communications high-accuracy real-time positioning, it is necessary to continuously maintain localization, eve...