The paper analyzes the cost-efficiency of trading CO2 emissions by focusing on the overall environmental impacts of active climate policy measures. When reducing CO2 emissions, other emissions, also related to the consumption of fossil fuels, decrease with no additional cost. These secondary benefits must be taken into consideration when analyzing gains from international emissions trading. The...

Monte Carlo simulations are used to demonstrate that a very attractive tax-based trading strategy is to realize all capital losses, using excess losses to offset realized gains to rebalance the portfolio. This strategy increases the mean and median return by taking advantage of the tax-deductibility of losses, and mitigates risk by allowing low-cost portfolio rebalancing. This portfolio rebalan...

If short sellers can destroy firm value by manipulating prices down in a “bear raid,” an informed blockholder has a powerful natural incentive to protect the value of his stake by trading against them. However, he also has an incentive to use his information to generate trading profits. We show that these conflicting objectives create a multiplier effect, whereby the buying quantity needed to d...

We consider a basic model of multi-period trading, which can be used to evaluate the performance of a trading strategy. We describe a framework for single-period optimization, where the trades in each period are found by solving a convex optimization problem that trades off expected return, risk, transaction cost and holding cost such as the borrowing cost for shorting assets. We then describe ...

Hung and Shaw’s (2005) trading-ratio system is modified to accommodate a management area approach wherein emissions sources are organized by impacts on identified “hot spots” and trading accounts for fixed as well as variable costs. An empirical example of phosphorus trading in a watershed with 22 potential traders demonstrates that marginal cost trading using a trading-ratio system yield nomin...

Distributed database is a collection of logically related databases that cooperate in a transparent manner. Query processing uses a communication network for transmitting data between sites. It refers to one of the challenges in the database world. The development of sophisticated query optimization technology is the reason for the commercial success of database systems, which complexity and co...

In this paper we investigate when public enforcement of insider trading regulations reduces the amount of insider trading. We model a game between a potentially self-interested regulator enforcing insider trading laws and a trader who may be trading on inside information. We show that equilibrium strategies exist where despite active enforcement all inside information is used. Furthermore, we f...

We study the optimal design of the rules of trade in a two-period market given that agents arrive at di erent times and may only trade with agents present contemporaneously. First period agents face a xed cost of trading across periods, and their decisions of whether or not to trade in the second period result in externalities relative to the agents arriving in the second period. Given the nonc...

Clean and low-carbon energy represented by wind power photovoltaic will develop rapidly form a new system with high proportion of renewable energy. In the context economy, how to make reasonable planning for flexibility resources is crucial development systems. this paper, we establish multi-flexibility resource model based on low carbon economy considering “source–load–storage”. First, ladder-...

This paper assesses whether the enforcement of insider trading laws increases or decreases patent-based measures of technological innovation. Based on about 75,000 industry-countryyear observations across 94 economies from 1976 to 2006, we find evidence consistent with the view that enforcing insider trading laws spurs innovation—as measured by patent intensity, scope, impact, generality, and o...