trade linearization according to scale, composite, and technology effects, changes the environment quality. on the other hand, trade liberalization, increases capital flow in the world. based on pollution haven hypothesis, polluted intensive industries move from the countries with stringent environmental policies to those with more relaxed environmental policies. in order to evaluate the effect...

China’s trade patterns with African countries have made Beijing the focal point of new antiChinese resistance narratives in Africa. Unlike the Maoist era, when China’s trade policies served its leaders’ political goals, now they aim to access markets as part of China’s larger domestic development strategy. China’s state-run firms can channel China–Africa trade through extra-market decisions tha...

This paper examines, for the first time, the trade and FDI impacts of a North American Security Perimeter that would liberalize the post 9/11 security measures at the Canada-US border. First, the study estimates econometrically the impact of post 9/11 security measures on bilateral (US-Canada) trade flows using a gravity model. Second, using these econometric estimates together with a three-reg...

Formal remittance flows to Pakistan have shown noticeable growth over the past decade. Using bilateral remittance data for 23 major source countries, this study examines the external and internal factors driving these remittance flows during the period 2001-2011. We estimate a gravity model for bilateral remittance flows using a variety of panel data techniques suitable to control for unobserve...

The empirical literature offers regional integration arrangements reduce trade costs among partner countries this reduction in cost not only increase trade but also act as a stimulus to increase FDI flow. South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was established in 8 December 1985 with the seven South Asian countries (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri L...

Recently biodiesel has become more prominent in countries of the European Union (EU). The rapidly increasing domestic production and consumption of biodiesel is accompanied by increasing trade flows. It is questionable if these trade flows are caused mainly by EU regulations concerning trade or concerning the bioenergy sector. A sector-specific analysis taking industry patterns into considerati...

We propose a spatial network model for transportation system based on the optimal expected traffic. The expected traffic represents the prediction of the flow created by two vertices and is calculated by the improved gravity equation wij = K M i M α j D γ ij . The model maximizes the total expected traffic of the network. By changing the two parameters α and γ which controls the fitness and the...

Firstly, the paper reviews the study situation of trade gravity model at home and abroad, and points out that the trade gravity model is not widely applied in the industrial trade flow. Secondly, the paper takes the export of China’s textile industry as an example to put forward export trade gravity model, and analyzes the influence of trade protection upon export of our textiles and other infl...