Artykuł dotyczy prawnokarnych aspektów testowania na zwierzętach produktów kosmetycznych lub ich składników. Zagadnienie to nie traci wciąż swojej aktualności – zarówno uwzględniając rozwój nauki i technologii, jak biorąc pod uwagę modyfikację przepisów prawnych oraz społeczną ocenę tego typu zachowań. Z uwagi rolę, jaką pełnić mogą testy we wskazanym kontekście, zakwalifikować należy je jako f...

This study estimates the life cycle water consumption and wastewater generation impacts of a Marcellus shale gas well from its construction to end of life. Direct water consumption at the well site was assessed by analysis of data from approximately 500 individual well completion reports collected in 2010 by the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Indirect water consu...

Background: Hermetia illucens L. have gained popularity in recent years as an environmentally friendly response to both the present and potential future food/feed crisis. The larvae of H. L., or black soldier fly (BSFL), is alternative solution tackle issue organic waste bioconversion. However, understanding environmental loads as...

Objectives: Environmental sustainability is a topic of increasing recognition within the field orthopaedic surgery. To decrease carbon footprint procedures, baseline said procedures must be calculated. Life cycle assessment (LCA) most rigorous means establishing overall system and also identifies contribution each step process. The latter allows for targeted reduction approach to address steps ...

Abstract Background and Aims The environmental impact of healthcare is high, kidney care for chronic disease (CKD) contributes significantly to this. Haemodialysis represents the only viable replacement option certain patients with CKD, in whom clinical benefits are lifesaving. also resource-intensive, requiring frequent sessions, energy- water-intensive equipment. In recognition this, ERA has ...

Michael A. Yokell, ScB, Traci C. Green, MSc, PhD, Sarah Bowman, MPH, Michelle McKenzie, MPH, and Josiah D. Rich, MD, MPH  introduCtion Opioid overdose is a major public health concern that affects a diverse group of individuals across all categories of race, class, and geography. Overdose is the leading cause of adult accidental death in Rhode Island, making our state one of only 16 where over...

In this article, we present cradle-to-gate life-cycle inventory (LCI) data for wood fuel pellets manufactured in the Southeast United States. We surveyed commercial pellet manufacturers in 2010, collecting annual production data for 2009. Weighted-average inputs to, and emissions from, the pelletization process were determined. The pellet making unit process was combined with existing LCI data ...

Significant progress has been made in research on environmental life-cycle assessment (LCA) of pavements. Use of this new knowledge has been slowed by a lack of standardized datasets and analysis protocols. Several software packages have been developed to address this by providing datasets with broader coverage and better quality, but practitioners need applicationspecific data input interfaces...

Past research has shown that limitations on attention can lead to loss of control. Our model of selfcontrol suggests that when attentional resources are restricted, individuals can focus on only the most salient behavioral cues, to the neglect of more distal stimuli. Subsequent action is then likely to be under the nearexclusive motivational influence of those ‘‘central’’ cues. This state of na...