BACKGROUND Stylets are the most frequently used devices for tracheal intubation, but can be a source of postoperative pharyngeal pain or hoarseness. In this study, we evaluated extraction forces between polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and stannum (Sn) stylets with various lubricants. FINDINGS Using a manikin, we compared extraction forces between PVC and Sn stylets under four different conditions: w...

Earlier models of the human trachea have not taken the characteristic compliance of the trachea into account. Two tracheal models are presented, which simulate the compliance of the adult male human trachea, intended for more valid laboratory testing of the function of the cuffs of tracheal tubes. The two models simulate the conditions with and without controlled ventilation.

IMPORTANCE We report 2 new cases of tracheal cartilaginous sleeve and perform a systematic literature review of all documented cases of this condition. We aim to increase awareness of this anomaly and provide recommendations for both intraoperative and postoperative management of patients with tracheal cartilaginous sleeve undergoing tracheostomy. OBSERVATIONS We studied the clinical records ...

Eighty-one patients with long-term tracheostomy tubes (mean duration, 4.9 months) were examined via fiberoptic bronchoscopy prior to decannulation. Obstructive airway lesions were observed in 54 patients (67 percent). All tracheal lesions were anatomically located proximal to the stoma. No cuff lesions were observed. The two most commonly observed lesions were tracheal granuloma (60 percent) an...

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