The international standard ISO 8124-3: 1997 "Safety of toys -Part 3: Migration of certain elements" and "Interim Enforcement Policy for Children's Metal Jewelry Containing Lead- 2/3/2005" by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) to control the amount of eluted lead from metal accessories cannot be simply compared, because the acid extraction methods and the limit values are differe...

Sex differences in toy preferences in children are marked, with boys expressing stronger and more rigid toy preferences than girls, whose preferences are more flexible. Socialization processes, parents, or peers encouraging play with gender-specific toys are thought to be the primary force shaping sex differences in toy preference. A contrast in view is that toy preferences reflect biologically...

[Purpose] One of the characteristics of autistic children is social interaction difficulties. Although therapeutic toys can promote social interaction, however its related research remains insufficient. The aim of the present study was to build a set of cooperative play toys that are suitable for autistic children. [Subjects and Methods] This study used an innovative product design and developm...

Toys play a vitally important role in the lives of children, with critical roles relating to social development, education and entertainment. In this paper, a platform for interactive toys using ultra low power Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies is proposed and developed. These are implemented through the integration of WSN technology into a number of off the shelf micro-robotic toys. T...

AIMS This study aimed to determine if the children's leisure activities impact the presence of pathogens on their hands and toys. METHODS & RESULTS To assess the microbiological hazard in playground areas, a pilot study that included 12 children was conducted. We then conducted an intervention study; children's hands and toys were washed before playing. Faecal coliforms, pathogenic bacteria a...

Traditional toys and various handcrafted items constitute an important part of the children’s world. Toys are not just fun, but also element in upbringing development child. With help toys, children learn about world around them, to establish social ties, prepare themselves for adulthood. Archaeological finds demonstrate that were made on territory Turkmenistan already Bronze Age their producti...