Supercritical water oxidation provides a powerful means to transform toxic organic materials into simple, relatively inert oxides. Over the past decade, our understanding of the fundamental chemistry of this process has increased markedly. Many fascinating research papers are appearing from laboratories around the world, on the use of the technique for the decomposition of a variety of organic ...

This paper gives a review of established and emerging technologies for the treatment of wastes and soils contaminated by Persistent Toxic Substances which include the Persistent Organic Pollutants. The technologies are classified as biological, physico-chemical, and thermal treatments, describing main unit operations and comparing technical, social and environmental limitations, including some ...

Septic tanks [1] are enclosed areas made for accumulation of decomposed domestic wastes, sewerage and its resultant gases. Sewer gases can be both toxic and non-toxic. Its major component is Methane [2], which can be extremely toxic in high concentrations. Sewer gas is a mixture of Hydrogen Sulphide, Ammonia, Carbon-dioxide, Nitrogen dioxide, Sulphur dioxide and sometimes, even carbon monoxide....

Solid waste management has moved to the forefront of the environmental agenda. Nations are considering restrictions on packaging and controls on products in order to reduce solid waste generation rates. Local and regional governments are requiring wastes to be separated for recycling, and some have even established mandatory recycling targets. However, industrial and everyday activities continu...

Biosorption on lignocellulosic wastes and by-products has been identified as a proper alternative to the existing technologies applied for toxic metal ion and dye removal from wastewater streams. This paper deals with utilization of typical low cost wastes and by-products produced in different food agricultural and agro-industries as biosorbent and reviews the current state of studies on a wide...

Trace metals are intrinsic, natural constituents of our environment. Apart from the natural sources, several anthropogenic ones also contribute to metal concentrations in the environment. Some of the anthropogenic sources of the metals in the environment are: mining, smelting, production and use of the compounds and materials containing the metals, burning of fossil fuels, waste dumping and lea...

The Pacifi c Basin includes countries in Asia, Australia, and North and South America. The Pacifi c Basin Consortium for Environment and Health (PBC), fi rst established in 1986, is an international organization that brings together scientists, policy makers, and representatives from non-governmental organizations with interest in health-related issues specifi c to this wide region. Initially, ...

Environmental studies are confronted with a challenging task to develop appropriate low cost technologies for treatment of liquid wastes. Conventional methods for removing metals from aqueous solutions include chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation or reduction, ion exchange, fi ltration, electrochemical treatment, reverse osmosis, membrane technologies and evaporation recovery. However, th...

Heavy metals are natural components of Earth’s crust. They cannot be degraded or destroyed. The impurification of water surfaces with heavy metals usually has disastrous effects on the environment. That’s why the determination of heavy metals concentrations at levels of ppm or ppb is strictly necessary. Industrial, economical and demographic development generates huge amounts of wastes which ha...