Nine neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington, are caused by a polyglutamine (poly(Q)) expansion in otherwise unrelated proteins. Although poly(Q) expansion causes aggregation of the affected proteins, the protein context might determine the selective neuronal vulnerability found in each disease. Here we have report that, although expression of Huntingtin derivatives with a pathological p...

Previous studies had shown that sub-inhibitory concentrations of silver sulphadiazine (AgSD) stimulated the production of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 in certain strains (responder strains) of Staphylococcus aureus and that protease production was also affected. No changes were detected in other strains (non-responders). Extracellular proteins from eleven responder and non-responder strains gro...

Previous studies had shown that sub-inhibitory concentrations of silver sulphadiazine (AgSD) stimulated the production of Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 in certain strains (responder strains) of Staphylococcus aureus and that protease production was also affected. No changes were detected in other strains (non-responders). Extracellular proteins from eleven responder and non-responder strains gro...

Understanding the mechanism of chemical toxicity, which is essential for cross-species and dose extrapolations, is a major challenge for toxicologists. Standard mechanistic studies in animals for examining the toxic and pathological changes associated with the chemical exposure have often been limited to the single end point or pathways. Toxicoproteomics represents a potential aid to the toxico...

background: macrophage immune responses are affected by the secretory proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). this study aimed to examine the immune responses of macrophages to mtb secretory antigens, namely esat-6, cfp-10, and esat-6/cfp-10. methods: thp-1 cells (a human monocytic cell line) were cultured and differentiated to macrophages by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. the cytotoxic...

BACKGROUND Despite evidence suggesting a role in plant defence, the use of plant lectins in crop protection has been hindered by their low and species-specific insecticidal activity. Snowdrop lectin (Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; GNA) is transported to the haemolymph of insects after oral ingestion, and can be used as a basis for novel insecticides. Recombinant proteins containing GNA expressed...

triphosphatase specific activities were decreased in all subcellular fractions during liver growth induced by both ‘toxic’ and ‘non-toxic’ compounds; however, the content of these enzymes in the whole liver did not change. These changes were due to the fact that proteins having no such enzymic activities were synthesized at a relatively higher rate and accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum. ...

A growing body of evidence indicates that toxic contamination, both indoor and outdoor, negatively affects sociocultural systems and that this in turn affects the social and psychological responses to the contamination. Using secondary case studies and primary survey, interview and observation data from three toxic contamination situations, this paper conceptualizes and summarizes the findings ...

BACKGROUND Over the past few decades, scientific research has been focused on developing peptide/protein-based therapies to treat various diseases. With the several advantages over small molecules, including high specificity, high penetration, ease of manufacturing, peptides have emerged as promising therapeutic molecules against many diseases. However, one of the bottlenecks in peptide/protein...

There has been a great expansion in the number of small regulatory RNAs identified in bacteria. Some of these small RNAs repress the synthesis of potentially toxic proteins. Generally the toxin proteins are hydrophobic and less than 60 amino acids in length, and the corresponding antitoxin small RNA genes are antisense to the toxin genes or share long stretches of complementarity with the targe...