Andrew Beckwith [email protected], [email protected] PACs: 98.80.Cq, 95.35.+d, 95.30.Sf, 65.40.gd, 11.25.Uv Abstract We begin our inquiry by asking two questions. First, is there an approximate match up between the total entropy of the universe, and the sum total of entropy between super massive black holes at the center of spiral galaxies? Note that Sean Carroll in 2005 presented a black hole ...

In the modeling of solids the free energy, the energy, and the entropy play a central role. We show that the free entropy, which is defined as the negative of the free energy divided by the temperature, is similarly important. The derivatives of the free energy are suitable thermodynamical driving forces for reversible (i.e. Hamiltonian) parts of the dynamics, while for the dissipative parts th...

Using an isolated measurement process, I’ve calculated the effect measurement has on entropy for the multi-cylinder Szilard engine. This calculation shows that the system of cylinders possesses an entropy associated with cylinder total energy states, and that it records information transferred at measurement. Contrary to other’s results, I’ve found that the apparatus loses entropy due to measur...

We present a model for evaluating the specific heat of lattice spin systems. It is based on the knowledge of high-temperature series expansions, the total entropy of the system and the low-temperature expected behavior of the specific heat as well as the ground-state energy. By the choice of an appropriate variable (entropy as a function of energy), a stable interpolation scheme between low and...

This current work studies the heat transfer performance and entropy generation of natural convection in a nanofluid-filled U-shaped cavity. The flow behavior and heat transfer performance in the cavity are governed using the continuity equation, momentum equations, energy equation and Boussinesq approximation, and are solved numerically using the finite-volume method and SIMPLE C algorithm. The...

This study is focused on the entropy production due to laminar forced convection in the entrance region of a concentric cylindrical annulus. The present hydrodynamic and temperature fields are obtained numerically. Local entropy generation distributions are obtained based on the resulting velocity and temperature fields by solving the entropy generation equation. The effect of different flow pa...

Nanofluids can afford excellent thermal performance and have a major role in energy conservation aspect. In this paper, a sensitivity analysis has been performed by using response surface methodology to calculate the effects of nanoparticles on the entropy generation. For this purpose, the laminar forced convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid flow inside a channel is considered. The total entropy ...

If one surrounds a black hole with a perfectly reflecting shell and adia-batically squeezes the shell inward, one can increase the black hole area A to exceed four times the total entropy S, which stays fixed during the process. A can be made to exceed 4S by a factor of order unity before the one enters the Planck regime where the semiclassical approximation breaks down. One interpretation is t...

The formula for the entropy density of black-body radiation is given in Lecture Notes 7. The derivation of this formula has been left to the statistical mechanics course that you either have taken or hopefully will take. For our purposes, the important point is that the early universe remains very close to thermal equilibrium, and therefore entropy is conserved. The conservation of entropy appl...

The formula for the entropy density of black-body radiation is given in Lecture Notes 6. The derivation of this formula has been left to the statistical mechanics course that you either have taken or hopefully will take. For our purposes, the important point is that the early universe remains very close to thermal equilibrium, and therefore entropy is conserved. The conservation of entropy appl...