The weakest specimens showed maximum compressive strengths ranging from 115 kN/m to 135 kN/m. The lowest load deformation response was observed for the Gf 9 specimen group, at 0.7 kN/mm. The strongest and stiffest results were observed for the 3-bag soil-filled specimen, with load deformation responses ranging from 8 kN/mm to 15 kN/mm, and compressive strength ranging from 1100 kN/m to 1300 kN/...

In temporary wetlands, a majority of diaspores are located in the upper layers of the soil. In general, it is assumed that the vertical movement of diaspores is caused by animal disturbance, and that reduction in this activity concentrates the diaspores in the topsoil. The occurrence of seasonal cracks and the dispersion of topsoil during dry periods are processes that have been underestimated ...

In the present study, Hg bioconcentration by Puffball (Lycoperdon perlatum) mushroom was investigated. Total Hg content of fruiting bodies and topsoil (0-10 cm layer) were determined by cold-vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy. For ten geographically distant sampling sites of Poland, Hg ranged from 0.91 ± 0.28 to 2.4 ± 0.4 (overall range 0.57-4.5) μg/g dry weight in the carpophores and 0.012 ...

The present study was conducted in the northern outskirts of the Jaworzno town situated in the Upper Silesia, the most industrialized part of Poland, where the over hundred-year-old landfill site of soda ash waste is situated. The 10 waste samples and 10 topsoil samples were collected. Value of the pH and the total load of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn) were determined for both types...

This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of phosphorus (P) mineral fertilization on topsoil P content and P leaching. We evaluated 83 datasets from 25 years from lysimeter experiments involving different cropping systems (winter crop, summer crop and autumn tillage, harvested grass) or unfertilized fallow, four types of soil texture, and three levels of applied mineral P fertilizer. A positiv...

Mercury contamination is a serious problem in Chinese cities. In the present study, mercury contamination was evaluated in topsoil and subsoil samples collected in an urban area of Beijing. The level of total mercury in topsoil ranged from 12.1 to 8,487 ng g(-1), and a significant correlation (R = 0.58145, p < 0.0001) with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was observed. Higher levels were genera...

the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (as, sb, and hg) and some trace elements in 36 topsoil samples and 18 agricultural soil samples were measured at the aq-darreh river watershed, nw iran. based on the results of the chemical analysis and comparing them with different standards, it seems that the soils of the aq-darreh river watershed are polluted with as and sb. this pollution res...

Abstract Large distribution of roots in topsoil layers allow more uptake soil water and nutrients during the vegetative growth, but it may be disadvantageous if deficit develops reproductive stage. The relationship between (0–0.4 m) use, dry matter nitrogen (N) accumulations, grain yield was examined winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with contrasting root size topsoil. Two old landraces (CW13...