PURPOSE To develop a criterion for determining the topographic progression of keratoconus and to analyze the prognostic factors of progression. METHODS Medical records of 211 eyes of 128 patients who had been followed up for more than 2 years on three or more occasions were retrospectively reviewed. Topographic parameters, including simulated K, corneal astigmatism, irregular astigmatism at 3...

In remote sensed data, topographic corrections are very important to overcome the topographic effects such as shadow effects. These topographic effects occurs especially in case of rugged terrain because sun facing slope represents maximum reflectance values and opposite side slope represents minimum reflectance values. These topographic effects leads to an inaccurate classification into differ...

Grounded theory method (GTM) is increasingly used in HCI and CSCW research (Fig. 1 ). GTM offers a rigorous way to explore a domain, with an emphasis on discovering new insights, testing those insights, and building partial understandings into a broader theory of the domain. The strength of the method—as a full method— is the ability to make sense of diverse phenomena, to construct an account o...

An edge network deployment consists of many (tens to a few hundred) satellite data centers. To optimize enduser perceived performance, a Global Traffic Management (GTM) solution needs to continuously monitor the performance between the users and the data centers, in order to dynamically select the “best” data center for each user. Though widely adopted in practice, GTM solutions based on active...

After many years of intensive investigation and mapping of the topography, a large number of topographic maps were produced by national mapping agencies. The explosive growth and wide availability of topographic data has created a data-rich environment for a variety of GIS users. How to make the best use of such topographic data has become a basic but daunting task. The research challenge now i...

24 Most studies on gravity forward modelling in the spectral domain truncate the gravitational 25 potential spectra at a resolution commensurate with the input topographic mass model. This 26 implicitly assumes spectral consistency between topography and implied topographic potential. 27 Here we demonstrate that a band-limited topographic mass distribution generates gravity signals 28 with spec...

qualitative data to construct theories ‘grounded’ in the data themselves...” (Charmaz 2006, p.2). According to Glaser and Strauss (1967) Grounded Theory Methods (GTM) represent a rigorous set of practices for exploring a new domain or a domain which lacks a dominant theory. However, Grounded Theory (GT) is not just a set of procedures to be followed in a study, but an approach which supports th...

In experience-based (or case-based) reasoning, new problems are solved by retrieving and adapting the solutions to similar problems encountered in the past. An important issue in experience-based reasoning is to identify diierent types of knowledge and reasoning useful for diierent classes of case-adaptation tasks. In this paper, we examine a class of non-routine case-adaptation tasks that invo...

It has been argued that the unprecedented availability of trace data may revolutionize the social sciences. Still, methodological knowledge is scarce as to how this abundance of data can be used to develop novel and important theory. In this essay, we inquire into how the lessons learned from Grounded Theory Method (GTM) can be used to build theory from big data. To do so, we review GTM in ligh...