Practitioners face several challenges during the root canal treatment of teeth with wide or immature apices, one of which is working length determination. There is relatively little data regarding the value of radiography and electronic apex locator (EAL) use when root formation is incomplete, and supplementary measurement techniques may be helpful. This review considers length determination fo...

Dens invaginatus is an anomaly of the tooth formation of embryonic origin that presents itself in several morphologic types. The complex anatomy of these teeth makes nonsurgical endodontic treatment complex and more so when its apex is immature. The 2 cases reported illustrate the nonsurgical endodontic management of a dens invaginatus type II and type III with an immature apex and periapical l...

Trauma to young permanent teeth is common and subsequently such incidents leads to pulpal inflammation or necrosis. If trauma occurs before the completion of root formation, the process of root end closure is halted. Retreatment of such teeth is challenging as the apical diameter is often larger than the coronal diameter. Also, open apex and lack of apical stop makes obturation of the canal dif...

Two new species of Portanus Ball, 1932 are described and illustrated from Brazil. P. hastatus sp. nov. from Ceará State, can be recognized by its acute pygofer apex and aedeagus with pair of apical processes directed dorsally. Portanus phoenicius sp. nov. from Piauí State, can be recognized by its rounded pygofer lobe with dorsal tooth turned inwardly, aedeagus apex with pair of elongate proces...

The aim of this report is to present a case of dens invaginatus asymptomatic discovered after exam cone beam computed tomography. A 20-year-old patient attended the clinic Radiology to perform tomography to fracture research at the root of the tooth 15. However, the examination was observed the presence of a conoid supernumerary tooth between the tooth located roots 11 and 12, which had a hyper...

It is a worthy aim to preserve the pulp vitality in teeth with immature root in order to continue the root's maturation. Traumatic injuries and caries are two main reasons for pulp exposure in immature teeth. This article describes two vital pulp therapies on two patients, a nine-year-old boy with traumatized central tooth and a 10-year-old boy with caries exposure in a premolar tooth. Both tee...

Introduction. If the teeth are impacted by a chronic irritant, the pulp space possibly will undergo calcific changes that may impede access opening during root canal treatment. In such cases that conventional endodontic treatment is impossible or impractical, intentional replantation may be considered as a last solution to preserve the tooth. Methods. After failing to perform conventional root ...