Severe pelvic inflammatory disease and tuboovarian abscesses (TOAs) are common pelvic infections requiring inpatient admission. There are few large randomized trials guiding appropriate clinical management of TOA, including antibiotic selection and timing of surgical management and drainage. The pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of severe pelvic inflammatory disease and TOA are summarized...

Thermal–optical analysis (TOA) is a widely used technique that fractionates carbonaceous aerosol particles into organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), or carbonate. Thermal sub-fractions of evolved OC and EC are also used for source identification and apportionment; thus, oven temperature accuracy during TOA analysis is essential. Evidence now indicates that the “actual” sample (filter) temp...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether there are any significant differences in complications and success rate between adjustable transobturator tape (TOA) and ordinary transobturator tape (TOT) in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (fSUI), as the TOA was recently introduced for the treatment of female SUI, its advantage being the ability to adjust the tape after surgery to address ov...

This study presents the regional estimates of the seasonal and diurnal mean broadband (0.3–5.0 mm) clear-sky aerosol radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere (TOA) due to both the natural and the anthropogenic aerosols over the tropical Indian Ocean from 258N to 258S. We propose two new methods, the slope method and the differencing method, to obtain clear sky aerosol forcing from solely sate...

In this study the authors continue their investigation of the atmospheric energy budget of the Antarctic polar cap (the region poleward of 708S) using integrations of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model from the years 1960 to 2065. In agreement with observational data, it is found that the climatological mean net top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative flux is primarily balanced by the horiz...

OBJECTIVE To assess the added value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values compared to MRI, for characterizing the tubo-ovarian abscesses (TOA) mimicking ovarian malignancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with TOA (or ovarian abscess alone; n = 34) or ovarian malignancy (n = 35) who underwent DWI and MRI were retrospectively rev...

This study introduces new CERES Angular Distribution Models (ADMs) for estimating shortwave, longwave and window top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes from broadband radiance measurements. By combining CERES measurements with narrowband, high-resolution imager measurements, up to a factor 4 improvement in TOA flux accuracy is achieved compared to TOA flux estimates from previous experiments, such ...

2 Measurement Types and Performance Bounds 4 2.1 Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.1.1 Nuisance Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2 Cramér-Rao Bounds for Localization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.2.1 TOA, TDOA, and Distances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Climate change from increased greenhouse gases arises from a global energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). TOA measurements of radiation from space can track changes over time but lack absolute accuracy. An inventory of energy storage changes shows that over 90% of the imbalance is manifested as a rise in ocean heat content (OHC). Data from the Ocean Reanalysis System, version 4 (...

Bloom filter (BF) based forwarding is an effective approach to implement scalable multicasting in distributed systems. The forwarding BF carried by each packet can encode either multicast tree or destination IP addresses, which are termed as tree oriented approach (TOA) and destination oriented approach (DOA), respectively. Recent studies have indicated that TOA based protocols have serious vul...