The cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. frequently develops water blooms consisting of organisms with different genotypes that either produce or lack the hepatotoxin microcystin. In order to monitor the development of microcystin (mcy) genotypes during the seasonal cycle of the total population, mcy genotypes were quantified by means of real-time PCR in Lake Wannsee (Berlin, Germany) from June 1999 ...

In Escherichia coli, interactions between the nascent TnaC-tRNA(Pro) peptidyl-tRNA and the translating ribosome create a tryptophan binding site in the ribosome where bound tryptophan inhibits TnaC-tRNA(Pro) cleavage. This inhibition delays ribosome release, thereby inhibiting Rho factor binding and action, resulting in increased tna operon transcription. Replacing Trp12 of TnaC with any other ...

Abstract. Equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can influence the North Atlantic European (NAE) region. ENSO tends to be negatively correlated in winter, while this connection is less clear boreal spring and summer when teleconnection encounters altered background conditions (i.e., a weaker subtropical jet), which modula...

In this study, we evaluated the expression of the Zenk protein within the nucleus taeniae of the pigeon's amygdala (TnA) after training in a classical aversive conditioning, in order to improve our understanding of its functional role in birds. Thirty-two 18-month-old adult male pigeons (Columba livia), weighing on average 350 g, were trained under different conditions: with tone-shock associat...

In the Vertebrates the two primary catalysts for the oxidation of xenobiotic sulphur-containing compounds appear to be the Flavin-containing monoxygenases. (FMO) and the cytochrome P-450 mooxygenases (P-450) [l]. The relative contribution of these enzyme systems to the oxidation of the vast majority of xenobiotics is unknown [l]. Thioamide compounds, such as thioacetamide, thiobenzamide , ethio...

In Escherichia coli, interactions between the nascent TnaC-tRNA peptidyl-tRNA and the translating ribosome create a tryptophan binding site in the ribosome where bound tryptophan inhibits TnaC-tRNA cleavage. This inhibition delays ribosome release, thereby inhibiting Rho factor binding and action, resulting in increased tna operon transcription. Replacing Trp12 of TnaC with any other amino acid...

The molecular basis of the loss of tryptophan utilization (indole-negative phenotype) of Shigella strains, in effect clones of Escherichia coli, was investigated. Analysis of the tna operon of 23 Shigella strains representing each of the indole-negative serotypes revealed that insertion sequence-mediated insertion and/or deletions damaged the tna operon, leading to inability to convert tryptoph...

This paper describes an in-depth study of the effects of geographic region on search patterns; particularly query reformulations, in a large query log from the UK National Archives (TNA). A total of 1,700 sessions involving 9,447 queries from 17 countries were manually analyzed for their semantic composition and pairs of queries for their reformulation type. Results show country-level variation...

Objective:Testicle torsion/detorsion cause ischemia. Rapamycin has immune suppressive and antioxidant defense mechanisms. Nucleolar-organizing regions(NORs) are loops of ribosomal DNA. Methods: To evaluate mean AgNOR number total area/total nuclear area(TAA/TNA) ratio the relation between these proteins rapamycin in Torsion/Detorsion process testes. The six groups as control, sham, early late t...