TLA+ is a language intended for the high-level specification of reactive, distributed, and in particular asynchronous systems. Combining the linear-time temporal logic TLA and classical set-theory, it provides an expressive specification formalism and supports assertional verification.

Reliable communication among avionic applications is a crucial prerequisite for today’s all-electronic fly-by-wire aircraft technology. The AFDX switched Ethernet has been developed as a scalable, cost-effective network, based upon IEEE 802.3 Ethernet. It uses redundant links to increase the availability. Typical consensus strategies for the redundancy management task are not feasible, as they ...

INTRODUCTION Tuberculous or tubercular liver abscess (TLA) is a rare manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mass or cystic lesions of the liver especially in a high TB prevalence country like Iran. CASE PRESENTATION We report an immunocompetent 48 year-old woman with TLA and peritoneal infection. Although hepatic TLA is v...

TLA and B share the common base of predicate logic, arithmetic and set theory. However, there are still considerable differences, such as very different approaches to typing and modularization. There is also considerable difference in the available tool support. In this paper, we present a translation of the non-temporal part of TLA to B, which makes it possible to feed TLA specifications into ...

SETTING Long transportation times of samples to culture laboratories can lead to higher contamination rates and significant loss of viability, resulting in lower culture positivity rates. Thin-layer agar (TLA) is a sensitive culture method for the isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that has been optimised with N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide (NALC-NaOH) decontaminated samples. The com...

The murine class I molecules are a family of cell-surface glycoproteins that includes the transplantation antigens H-2K, H-2D, and H-2L, as well as the lymphoid differentiation antigens Qa-1, Qa-2, Qa-3, and thymus leukemia (TL) 1 antigen. These antigens are encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 17 (Fig. 1). Class I molecules have molecular masses of 40-45 kilodalt...

TLA is a specification language originally designed for specifying concurrent and distributed systems and their properties. It is based on Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory for modeling data structures and on the linear-time temporal logic TLA for specifying system executions and their properties. The TLA proof system (tlaps) has been designed as an interactive proof assistant for deductively verifyi...

Most methods for automated full-bore rock core image analysis (description, colour, properties distribution, etc.) are based on separate column analyses. The is usually imaged in a box because of the significant amount time taken to get an each column. work presents innovative method and algorithm columns extraction from boxes. conditions boxes imaging may differ tremendously. Such differences ...

TLA is a specification language, mainly intended for concurrent and distributed systems. Its non-temporal fragment is based on a variant of (untyped) ZF set theory. Motivated by the integration of the TLA Proof System with SMT solvers or similar tools based on multi-sorted first-order logic, we define a type system for TLA and we prove its soundness. The system includes refinement types, which ...

BACKGROUND The relationship between annular dilatation caused by atrial fibrillation (AF) and mitral regurgitation (MR) remains controversial. We hypothesized that the small ratio of total leaflet area/annulus area (TLA/AA), reflecting insufficient leaflet remodeling to annular dilatation, is a main component of MR in patients with AF. METHODS AND RESULTS Three-dimensional transesophageal ech...