Motivated by allocation of cloud computing services, bandwidth and wireless spectrum in secondary network markets, we introduce a hierarchical auction model for network resource allocation. The Tier 1 provider owns all of the resource, who holds an auction in which the Tier 2 providers participate. Each of the Tier 2 providers then holds an auction to allocate the acquired resource among the Ti...

Using femtosecond pump-probe ion imaging spectroscopy, we establish the key role of I(+) + I(-) ion-pair (IP) states in the predissociation dynamics of molecular iodine I2 excited to Rydberg states. Two-photon excitation of Rydberg states lying above the lowest IP state dissociation threshold (1st tier) is found to be followed by direct parallel transitions into IP states of the 1st tier asympt...

For the diagnosis of Lyme disease, the 2-tier serologic testing protocol for Lyme disease has a number of shortcomings including low sensitivity in early disease; increased cost, time, and labor; and subjectivity in the interpretation of immunoblots. In this study, the diagnostic accuracy of a single-tier commercial C6 ELISA kit was compared with 2-tier testing. The results showed that the C6 E...

BACKGROUND The prescription drug benefit is commonly designed and managed as a stand-alone health insurance product without consideration of how the design of other medical benefits may impact its use. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of member cost (copayment/coinsurance) increases on the relationship between the use of physician office visits and the type/tier of prescription medication p...

The micro-architecture of the substantia nigra was studied in control cases of varying age and patients with parkinsonism. A single 7 mu section stained with haematoxylin and eosin was examined at a specific level within the caudal nigra using strict criteria. The pars compacta was divided into a ventral and a dorsal tier, and each tier was further subdivided into 3 regions. In 36 control cases...

Test washback is held to be complex and multifaceted in that a host of cultural, social, individual, test, and institutional factors are involved in shaping it. Thus far, the majority of washback studies have had as their focus the role of teachers in test washback or washback to teachers. How educational environments or institutions might function in isolation or in interaction with other fact...

Composting animal manure has the potential to reduce emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) from agriculture. Agriculture has been recognized as a major contributor of greenhouse gases, releasing an estimated 81% and 70% of the anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), respectively. A significant amount of methane is emitted during the storage of liquid manur...

In this section we numerically extend the analytical insights regarding heterogeneous unreliable Tier 2 suppliers derived in the main text to a more general case in which Tier 2 suppliers may di↵er in both procurement cost and disruption risk, which we denote cj and j , j = 1, 2. As in the main text, we assume that 1  2, but the cost parameters may be ordered in any way. Our chief goal is to c...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Human albumin has been shown to exert neuroprotective effects in animal models of cerebral ischemia and humans with various intracranial pathologies. We investigated the safety and tolerability of 25% human albumin in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS The Albumin in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (ALISAH) Pilot Clinical Trial was an open-label, dose-escalation stu...

The study uses quantitative method to estimate the effect of Corporate- and Dividend-Income-Tax rates on Total-Bank-Capital, Tier-1-Bank-Capital, Tier-2-Bank-Capital ratios. samples are banks from ASEAN-4 countries, i.e. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, taken in 2020. effects Tier- 1-Bank-Capital, ratios were analyzed using cross-section regression. We placed as dependent variable. D...