Variations of the first segment (V1) of the vertebral artery (VA) are important to spine surgeons and radiologists. The present study was conducted to document the anatomical variations of the V1 segment and estimate side and gender differences, if any. The study was a cross-sectional analytical study performed on 33 adult cadavers (24 male and 9 female) of Indian origin. The V1 segment of 67 V...

Iatrogenic dissection of the subclavian artery during cardiac catheterization is a subject that is seldom referred to in the literature, probably because of the low incidence and the possible existence of publication bias due to the fact that it concerns a complication. Our patient is a 75-year-old woman with hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and a history of heart disease affecting the left ...

To cite: Dinkar S, Kamath GS, Pai VB. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2015211835 DESCRIPTION Left internal thoracic artery (LITA) injection during coronary angiography of a 57-year-old man taken for coronary artery bypass graft showed a large branch arising very high from the LITA, about 1 cm past its origin. Even after harvesting the LITA to a ver...

BACKGROUND In an effort to minimise access in cardiac surgery, endoscopic vessel harvesting has become more popular. The endoscopic approach, however, allows for only the harvest of the mid to distal internal mammary artery (IMA), leaving the more proximal branches of the conduit available for collateral flow away from the coronary bed. AIM To compare the number and anatomic variation of rema...

conditional monitoring is prerequisite to prevent severe damage or falling down the trees. problems such as trunk decays, reduces trees resistance against wind and floods. in this study, a mathematical modeling technique is being selected to determine the trees strength against such events. finally, an applicable model for safety factor was created by having numeral (dimensions of crown and tru...

Intramuscular hemangiomas (IMH) account for <%1 of all hemangiomas and are rarely located in the head and neck region. The most common site of origin in the head and neck is the masseter muscle, whereas IMH originating from the scalene muscles are rarely seen. Surgical excision of intramuscular hemangioma is considered the main treatment modality. Here we present the case of a male patient aged...

The aetiology, incidence and management of type II endoleaks in standard infrarenal endovascular aortic aneurysm repair is well described. Far less data is available for thoracic stent grafting. We present a rare and interesting case of a type II endoleak post thoracic aortic stenting and highlight the aberrant anatomy that can cause this phenomenon in such cases.

abstract the aim of this study was to eliminate zn deficiency and increasing yield in grapevine (vitis vinifera l) cv, askari، via trunk injection method. the experiment was carried out in the cisakht region; in randomize complete blocks design with four treatments and four replications. treatments included of zinc trunk injection in concentration 0.15, 0.3 and 0.5% amount of 500 cc was injecte...

to identify anatomic and physiologic characteristics of children which are different from adults and to explain major patterns and responses of different types of injuries and to apply atls principles in management of injured kids and to emphasize on injury prevention to reduce the impact of injury in children. children have larger head, smaller jaw, shorter, narrower, funnel shaped airway, sof...