This Special Issue of BioSystems is devoted to clarifying the concept, and to showing how it’s being used in various examples of empirical research. Given the obscurity that still attends the concept, however, we shouldn’t expect to find that all the ’clarifications’ are equivalent--or even mutually consistent. Similarly, we shouldn’t expect to find that the notion is applied identically in all...

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 351 HUMAN SUBJECT RESEARCH UNFETTERED ........................................... 353 DISCRIMINATION – TELLING RIGHT FROM WRONG ............................... 355 DON’T BLAME THE MACHINE ................................................................ 358 FRAGMENTATION OF PUBLIC DISCOURSE...........

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Abstract The growing masses of digital traces generated by the datafication process make algorithms that manage them increasingly central to contemporary society. There is widespread agreement in considering and as complex objects intertwine social material practices with their own cultural, historical, institutional nature (Halford et al., 2010). Accordingly, given this strong intertwining bet...

Second-order statistics of the received signal can be used to equalize a communication channel without knowledge of the transmitted sequence. Blind zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalization can be achieved with linear prediction-error filtering. The equivalence with the equalizers derived by Giannakis and Halford [1] is shown and adaptive predictors that result in a la...

Paenirhodobacter enshiensis is a non-photosynthetic species that belongs to family Rhodobacteraceae. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Paenirhodobacter enshiensis DW2-9(T) and comparison results to the available related genomes. The strain has a 3.4 Mbp genome sequence with G + C content of 66.82 % and 2781 protein-coding genes. It lacks photosynthetic gene clusters and putative prote...

A conceptual complexity metric based on representational rank is proposed. Rank is the number of entities that are bound into a representation, and is related to the number of dimensions, which is a measure of complexity. Each rank corresponds to a class of neural nets. The ranks and typical concepts which belong to them, are: Rank 0, elemental association; Rank 1, content-specific representati...

Design-for-Test and Test Optimization Techniques for TSV-based 3D Stacked ICs