in more recent years, it has become increasingly recognized that r&d; (research and development) is a key driver of economic growth, a source of innovation and change, and as such stimulates improvements in productivity and economic competitiveness. it is closely associated with knowledge and flexibility, two factors that have gained new significance as a source of competitiveness in an increas...

the use of stokes boundary values problems for the determination of the geoid requires that gravity anomalies (as boundary values) are known on geoid (as boundary). while, the gravity observations are measured on the earth's surface, to obtain boundary data, the surface gravity anomalies does are downward from the terrain onto geoid. for downward continuation (dwc) of surface gravity anoma...

the gravimetric method is one of the most effective ways for the detection of subsurface structures such as tunnels, faulting, mineral deposits with the required density difference, especially in areas with rough topography and tectonized formations. it is possible to provide a more suitable model for better interpretation of the gravity anomaly. inverse modeling of gravity data is the most eff...

Gravity data inversion is one of the important steps in the interpretation of practical gravity data. The inversion result can be obtained by minimization of the Tikhonov objective function. The determination of an optimal regularization parameter is highly important in the gravity data inversion. In this work, an attempt was made to use the active constrain balancing (ACB) method to select the...

Modified Newtonian dynamics, a successful alternative to the cosmic dark matter model, proposes that gravitational field deviates from the Newtonian law when the field strength g is weaker than a critical value g0. We will show that the dynamics of MOND can be derived from an induced gravity model. New dynamics is shown to be compatible with the spatial deformation of scalar fields coupled to t...

Although initially originated as a totally empirical relationship to explain the volume of trade between two partners, gravity equation has been the focus of several theoretic models that try to explain it. Specialization models are of great importance in providing a solid theoretic ground for gravity equation in bilateral trade. Some research papers try to improve specialization models by addi...