We study a form of threshold matching in fundraising where donations above certain are topped up with fixed amount. show theoretically that can induce crowding if appropriately personalized. In field experiment, we explore how thresholds should be chosen depending on past donations. The optimal choice is rather bold, approximately 75% Additionally, set for new donors as function their personal ...

Due to the high density and the low consumption power in the digital integrated circuits, mostly technology of CMOS is used. During the past times, the Metal oxide silicon field effect transistors (MOSFET) had been used for the design and implementation of the digital integrated circuits because they are compact and also they have the less consumption power and delay to the other transistors. B...

The selection of a near-field or far-field ground-penetrating radar (GPR) model is an important question for an accurate but computationally effective characterization of medium electrical properties using full-wave inverse modeling. In this study, we determined an antenna height threshold for the near-field and farfield full-wave GPR models by analyzing the variation of the spatial derivatives...

We show that in plasmonic systems, exact loss compensation can be achieved with the help of spasers pumped over a wide range of pumping values both below and above the spasing threshold. We demonstrate that the difference between spaser operation below and above the spasing threshold vanishes, when the spaser is synchronized by an external field. As the spasing threshold loses its significance,...

PURPOSE To compare the prevalence of visual field loss, the sensitivity distribution, and the size and depth of glaucomatous visual field defects using the standard full threshold (FT) and the Swedish interactive threshold algorithm (SITA) standard (SS) procedures in patients with early or suspected glaucoma. METHODS Automated perimetry findings were retrospectively evaluated in 53 patients (...

OBJECTIVES To compare the severity, size, and depth of glaucomatous visual field defects using standard full threshold (FT), Swedish interactive threshold algorithm (SITA) standard (SS), and SITA fast (SF) algorithms of the Humphrey perimeter. METHODS A prospective observational case series of 77 patients with glaucoma performed FT, SS, and SF 30-2 white-on-white testing programs on the same ...

Electropermeabilization of cell plasma membrane is a threshold phenomenon. When a cell is exposed to electric field a spatially dependent transmembrane potential is induced (1). Above a certain threshold value of transmembrane potential permeability of plasma membrane drastically increases. Thus, in order to obtain plasma membrane permeabilization an above threshold transmembrane potential need...