Thorotrast (a colloidal suspension of thorium dioxide) injected into the dorsal lymph sac of the common frog, Rana temporaria, can be shown by radiological methods to pass through the anterior lymph hearts and so into the blood system. From the blood the thorotrast is removed, as in mammals, by cells of the reticulo-endothelial system and by macrophages, the sites of greatest activity being the...

Uranium and thorium within the Earth produce a major portion of terrestrial heat along with a measurable flux of electron antineutrinos. These elements are key components in geophysical and geochemical models. Their quantity and distribution drive the dynamics, define the thermal history, and are a consequence of the differentiation of the Earth. Knowledge of uranium and thorium concentrations ...

Laser-ablated Th atoms react with molecular hydrogen to give thorium hydrides and their dihydrogen complexes during condensation in excess neon and hydrogen for characterization by matrix infrared spectroscopy. The ThH2, ThH4, and ThH4(H2)x (x = 1-4) product molecules have been identified through isotopic substitution (HD, D2) and comparison to frequencies calculated by density functional theor...

Background: Decrease of economically accessible uranium resources motivates consideration of breeding of fertile elements such as thorium. Material and Method: Thorium oxide fuel burn up calculation of a simulated research reactor cooled heavy water has been proposed in the present work using MCNPX 2.6 code. Two 233U and 235U isotopes have been used as fissile element of thorium oxide fuel. 135...

Intravenous injections of colloidal thorium dioxide were made in rabbits and moderate amounts caused no significant changes in the cellular elements of venous blood. Thorium dioxide was held locally with great tenacity in the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system in the bone marrow and showed little tendency to migrate despite drastic stimuli to the marrow in the form of anemia and plethora....

The synthesis and characterisation is presented of the compounds [An(TrenDMBS ){Pn(SiMe3 )2 }] and [An(TrenTIPS ){Pn(SiMe3 )2 }] [TrenDMBS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiMe2 But )3 , An=U, Pn=P, As, Sb, Bi; An=Th, Pn=P, As; TrenTIPS =N(CH2 CH2 NSiPri3 )3 , An=U, Pn=P, As, Sb; An=Th, Pn=P, As, Sb]. The U-Sb and Th-Sb moieties are unprecedented examples of any kind of An-Sb molecular bond, and the U-Bi bond is th...

As applications for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation have been identified, the demand for better optics has also increased. Thorium and thorium oxide thin films (19 to 61 nm thick) were RF-sputtered and characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM), spectroscopic ellipsometry, low-angle x-ray diffraction (LAXRD), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and x-ray absorption near edge stru...

In recent years there have been a number of attempts to study the cerebral blood flow. Kety and Schmidt' between 1945 and 1948 introduced a nitrous oxide method, and for the firet time measured quantitatively the minute volume of the brain. This was the first occasion on which the total oxygen consumption of the brain was measured through simultaneous determination of the arterial venous oxygen...

Organically templated thorium compounds were synthesized for the first time under hydrothermal conditions; the piperazine containing compound consists of 2-D layers, while the 2-methylpiperazine phase contains unprecedented 1-D chains of face-sharing ThF9 polyhedra.