This paper presents a simple method to fabricate micro-ball lens and its array. The key technology is to use the hydrophobic characteristics of polyterafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate. High contact angle between melted photoresist pattern and PTFE can generate micro-ball lens and its array. PTFE thin film was spun onto a silicon wafer and dried in oven. Photoresist AZ4620 was used to pattern mi...

A simple algebraic algorithm is proposed as a computational tool for the thin-lens design of a triplet which consists of a singlet and a cemented doublet. The triplet is required to yield specified amounts of lens power, primary spherical aberration, central coma, longitudinal chromatic aberration and secondary spectrum. The three element powers of the triplet are first obtained by solving the ...

The lens is composed of a thin metabolically active outer layer, consisting of epithelial and superficial fibre cells. Lying within this outer shell are terminally differentiated, metabolically inactive fibre cells, which are divided into an outer cortex and central nucleus. Mature fibre cells contain a very high protein concentration, which is important for the transparency and refractive powe...

We examine a mathematical model describing the behavior of the precontact lens tear film of a human eye. Our work examines the effect of contact lens thickness and lens permeability on the film dynamics. Also investigated are gravitational effects and the effects of different slip models at the fluid-lens interface. A mathematical model for the evolution of the tear film is derived using a lubr...

The main intrinsic polypeptide (MIP) of ocular lens fiber cells, a putative gap junctional polypeptide, has been shown to undergo a physiologic proteolytic reduction in relative molecular weight with age. Electron microscopic studies of isolated lens fiber cell membranes have revealed the existence of two distinct classes of gap junction-like membrane-membrane interactions, which differ from ea...

To date, in almost all strong gravitational lensing analyses for modeling giant arc systems and multiple quasar images, it has been assumed that all the deflecting matter is concentrated in one lens plane at a certain distance— the thin lens approximation. However, in a few observed cases, lenses at more than one redshift have been identified as contributing to the image splitting. Here we repo...

Aquaporin-0 (AQP0), previously known as major intrinsic protein (MIP), is the only water pore protein expressed in lens fiber cells. AQP0 is highly specific to lens fiber cells and constitutes the most abundant intrinsic membrane protein in these cells. The protein is initially expressed as a full-length protein in young fiber cells in the lens cortex, but becomes increasingly cleaved in the le...