Entanglement entropy is a statistical entropy measuring information loss due to coarse-graining corresponding to a spatial division of a system. In this paper we construct a thermodynamics (entanglement thermodynamics) which includes the entanglement entropy as the entropy variable, for a massless scalar field in Minkowski, Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström spacetimes to understand the stati...

The Second Law of Thermodynamics, Evolution, and Probability Does evolution violate the second law of thermodynamics? Creationists say yes. This article describes in detail why the creationists are wrong. Attributing False Attributes to Thermodynamics Creationists have created a 'voodoo' thermodynamics based solely on metaphors in order to convince those not familiar with real thermodynamics th...

To investigate the relationship between gravity and thermodynamics in case of dynamic systems, we interpret apparent horizon Friedmann-Lema\^itre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime as a thermodynamic system. We derive corresponding fundamental equation entropy representation explore consequences demanding fulfillment classical laws thermodynamics. detail an FLRW with without cosmological constan...

background and aims: from the past studies, it has been proved that consumption of heavy metals by humans may cause several chronicle problems like cancer, kidney and liver damage, high blood pressure and low blood pressure problems and etc. so, it has become very crucial to remove these heavy metals from industrial wastewater. the aim of this study was to find out a low cost and easy available...

This study set out to examine the cystoseira gibraltarica extract (CG) as an environmentally sustainable corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl medium. The corrosion inhibiting effect has been studied by conventional methods such as gravimetric (weight loss) and electrochemical (EIS and PDP) methods. All the methods used in this study confirm that cystoseira gibraltarica extract has ...

The heat theorem (i.e. the second law of thermodynamics or the existence of entropy) is a manifestation of a general property of hamiltonian mechanics and of the ergodic Hypothesis. In nonequilibrium thermodynamics of stationary states the chaotic hypothesis plays a similar role: it allows a unique determination of the probability distribution (called SRB distribution on phase space providing t...

The ability to accurately predict the consequences of hazardous fluid release is dependent on three things: the knowledge of the modeler, the quality of the model that is used, and the quality of the input parameters. One of the most difficult problems in consequence modeling is the prediction of post-release multiphase behavior, especially when a multicomponent mixture is involved. Releases fr...