Understanding scientific theories like evolution by natural selection, classical mechanics, or plate tectonics requires knowledge restructuring at the level of individual concepts, or conceptual change. Here, we investigate the role of cognitive reflection (Frederick, 2005) in achieving conceptual change. College undergraduates (n = 184) were administered a 45question survey probing their under...

The basic properties of soundness, extensibility, and stability required from a verification system V taken in full yield the necessity of having a reflection rule in every such V. However, the reflection rule based on the Gödel provability predicate (implicit provability predicate) leads to a "reflection tower" of theories which cannot be formally verified. The paper introduces an explicit ref...

We report the electronic structure and optical properties of NdF3 compound. Our calculations are based on density functional theory (DFT) using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FPLAPW) method with the inclusion of spin orbit coupling. We employed the local spin density approximation (LSDA) and Coulomb-corrected local spin density approximation, known for treating the highly c...

historical approach along with various settings of society could display up and downs. analysis of discovered discourses based on kufan exegetes’s data, could portrait exegetical school of shia in kufa; origins & evolution. asbagh ibn nobate kufi (55), the first exegetes of this corpus, has no any definite exegetical literature; but some large amount of his exegetical hadiths and their reflecti...

We study the ultraviolet asymptotics in affine Toda theories. These models are considered as perturbed non-affine Toda theories. We calculate the reflection amplitudes, which relate different exponential fields with the same quantum numbers. Using these amplitudes we derive the quantization condition for the vacuum wave function, describing zero-mode dynamics, and calculate the UV asymptotics o...

The color of the blends of pre-colored fibers depends on the ratio of each fiber in the blends. Some theories have been introduced for color matching of blends of pre-colored fibers. Most however, are restricted in scope and accuracy. Kubelka and Munk presented the most applicable theory, which is still used in industry. In this work, the classical Kubelka-Munk method for color prediction of a ...