A revolution in understanding developmental biology has been fueled by molecular and genetic approaches to the discipline. Two recently published textbooksofDevelopmental Biology are worthy contenders in the fight to maintain perspective in the midst of this molecular detail. Essentials of Developmental Biology by Jonathan Slack and Principles of Development by Lewis Wolpert, Rosa Beddington, T...

Consider a gambling game in which we are allowed to repeatedly bet a portion of our bankroll at favorable odds. We investigate the question of how to minimize the expected number of rounds needed to increase our bankroll to a given target amount. Specifically, we disprove a 50-year old conjecture of L. Breiman [1], that there exists a threshold strategy that optimizes the expected number of rou...

This paper deals with the need for generic software development tools in evolutionary computations (EC). These tools will be essential for the next generation of evolutionary algorithms where application designers and researchers will need to mix different combinations of traditional EC (e.g. genetic algorithms, genetic programming, evolutionary strategies, etc.), or to create new variations of...

This paper discusses the feature checking mechanism of interrogative sentences in Japanese and Korean. We first focus on a phenomenon of omitting question markers in informal speech in Japanese and attempt to provide an account for it within the framework of Principles and Parameters approach. We argue that question markers can be omitted only if interrogative features of the sentence can be pr...

The paper reviews the development of the six-port measurement technique since the time it was introduced in 1977 until present days. Working principles of six-port reflectometer and six-port network analyzer are explained. The technique is put in context with other scattering parameter measurement principles; the advantages and drawbacks are discussed. Some typical SPR implementations are prese...

UNLABELLED This paper proposes approaches to break down the boundaries that reduce the ability of the health workforce to respond to population needs, or workforce flexibility. Accessible health services require sufficient numbers and types of skilled workers to meet population needs. However, there are several reasons that the health workforce cannot or does not meet population needs. These pr...