Using electrophysiology and styryl dye imaging, we studied the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on activity-dependent and spontaneous vesicle recycling. In electrophysiological experiments, we found that the PMA effect depended on the maturational state of the synapses. Spontaneous neurotransmitter release from nascent synapses without a functional readily releasable pool (RRP) w...

It has been well documented that protein kinase C (PKC) plays an important role in regulation of phospholipase D (PLD) activity. Although PKC regulation of PLD1 activity has been studied extensively, the role of PKC in PLD2 regulation remains to be established. In the present study it was demonstrated that phorbol 12myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced PLD2 activation in COS-7 cells. PLD2 was als...

OBJECTIVES Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) is widely used as a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, PKC is involved in the secretion of mucins. MUC16, one of the membrane-bound mucins, is produced in human airway epithelial cells. However, the effect and signaling pathway of PMA on MUC16 expression in human airway epithelial cells has not been reported. Therefore, the effect and brief signal...

We investigated the antiobesity and hypoglycemic properties of Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc (PMA; Japanese apricot) and Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc (LES; gromwell) extracts in ovariectomized (OVX) rats that impaired energy and glucose homeostasis. OVX rats consumed either 5% dextrose, 5% PMA extract, 5% LES extract, or 2.5% PMA+2.5% LES extract in the high fat diet. After 8 weeks of t...

Aspects of the metabolism of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in mouse skin were investigated. Phorbolol myristate acetate (PHMA), a potential metabolite of PMA in mouse skin, was prepared from PMA by NaBH4 reduction of the C-5 carbonyl group of PMA to a secondary alcohol. The structure of PHMA was assigned on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence. PHMA had an inflammatory effect in mouse ...

The Annai integrated tool environment helps exploit the inherent power of distributed-memory parallel computers with standardized languages and convenient programming support. Portable application development is supported in High Performance Fortran and/or with explicit messagepassing, using MPI as the machine interface. Integration within a unified tool environment allows the performance monit...

The effect of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) on the regulation of proenkephalin (proENK) mRNA level, ENKCRE-2 or AP-1 DNA binding activity, and the mRNA and protein levels of proto-oncogenes (c-fos, fra-1, and c-jun) in primary cultured rat astrocytes were studied. The proENK mRNA level was elevated at 4 h after the treatment of PMA (2.5 microM) without altering the intracellular proENK ...

OBJECTIVE Progressive muscular atrophy (PMA) is a clinical diagnosis characterised by progressive lower motor neuron (LMN) symptoms/signs with sporadic adult onset. It is unclear whether PMA is simply a clinical phenotype of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in which upper motor neuron (UMN) signs are undetectable. To elucidate the clinicopathological features of patients with clinically diag...

The production of TNF/cachectin by human B cell lines and tonsillar B cells was examined. Of the 15 B cell lines examined, 9 cell lines synthesize TNF mRNA constitutively. PMA stimulated most cell lines to accumulate increased amounts of TNF. SeD, 8866P, 32al, RPMI 1788, and four bone marrow-derived EBV-transformed cell lines accumulated high levels of TNF mRNA when stimulated by PMA. TNF produ...

Tumor-promoting phorbol esters such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induce the monocytoid differentiation of HL-60 human leukemia cells. The cellular receptor for PMA is protein kinase C. However, cellular events distal to protein kinase C phosphorylation are also critical steps toward differentiation. These events may include specific programs of oncogene transcription that have been ...