Miho Hatanaka, Yuichi Hirai, Yuichi Kitagawa, 3 Takayuki Nakanishi, 3 Yasuchika Hasegawa, Keiji Morokuma4 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan. 2 PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan. 3 Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060...

We study the concept of the fourth skein module of 3-manifolds, that is a skein module based on the skein relation b0L0 + b1L1 + b2L2 + b3L3 = 0 and a framing relation L = aL (a, b0, b3 invertible). We give necessary conditions for trivial links to be linearly independent in the module. We investigate the behavior of elements of the skein module under the n-move and compute the values for (2, n...

Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that contribute to the regulation of integrative brain functions such as cognition, motor control, and neural development. Metabotropic glutamate receptors are members of a unique class of GPCRs (class III) that include the calcium sensing and -aminobutyric acid type B receptors. Although mGluRs bear little sequen...

An endogenous inhibitor of Na+-K+-ATPase has been isolated from bovine hypothalamus and human plasma and structurally characterized as an isomer of the plant cardiac glycoside, ouabain (A. A. Tymiak, J. A. Norman, M. Bolgar, G. C. DiDonato, H. Lee, W. L. Parker, L.-C. Lo, N. Berova, K. Nakanishi, E. Haber, and G. T. Haupert, Jr. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 8189-8193, 1993; N. Zhao, L.-C. Lo,...

We examine an n-player prisoners’ dilemma game in which only individual deviations are allowed, while coalitional deviations (even non-binding ones) are not, and every player is assumed to be farsighted enough to understand not only the direct outcome of his own deviation, but also the ultimate outcome resulting from a chain of subsequent deviations by other players. By constructing a purely no...

In this chapter the theory of scattering of elastic surface waves is described. Since surface waves are guided along the surface of materials, the scattering properties of surface waves are useful for probing the heterogeneity of the material near the surface as well as perturbations of the free surface. This has applications in the detection of surface defects (Steg and Klemens, 1974) and in s...

A mutual evaluation system deals with a decision making problem including the feedback structure between alternatives and criteria. By incorporating decision makers’ intuitive judgments from alternatives to criteria into overall evaluations for alternatives, the mutual evaluation system may be effective to make a consensus among the decision makers of the problem. An analyzing tool of the mutua...

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