BACKGROUND In domestic animals many biochemical and physiological processes exhibit daily rhythmicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rhythmic pattern of salivary and serum urea concentrations in sheep. METHODS Six 3-year-old female sheep kept in the same environmental conditions were used. Sheep were sampled at 4 hour intervals for 48 consecutive hours starting at 08:00 ...

three hundred cattle from 12 dairy farms in shiraz area were chosen randomly for population to be studied. after restraining, the jugular vein was examined for distention and on the base of severity, first, second and third degree distention was recorded. then the cattle were checked for jugular pulsation. the data were analyzed by using chi square, fisher exact test and t-test. p

BACKGROUND Vascular restenosis occurring after CABG is a major clinical problem that needs to be addressed. Vein grafts are associated with a higher degree of stenosis than artery grafts. However, the mechanism responsible for this effect has not been elucidated. We aimed to establish a rabbit model of vascular restenosis after bilateral carotid artery grafting, and to investigate the associate...

The cause of Multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown. Multiple theories for pathogenesis of MS postulated. The most accepted is autoimmune inflammatory process. In recent years the role of internal jugular vein abnormality in MS pathogenesis has been considered as “Big Idea” that raised hopes for MS treatment. But although the earlier studies were promising, their results were not reproducible and r...