plantations may influence soil fauna directly or indirectly. this research was conducted in order to study the influence of species plantations on soil macrofauna. plantations of eight tree species including nitrogen fixing trees and non-nitrogen fixing trees based on complete randomized block design with 3 replicates were established in 1372 in dez riverside. soil macrofauna were studied rando...

Nitrogen is the nutrient plants require in the highest amount, and in agriculture nitrogen availability has a major influence on both yield and product quality. In nature plants acquire nitrogen by assimilation of nitrate and ammonium or from dinitrogen through association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation, where the plant supplies the carbon source for the energy-depen...

Legumes have evolved symbiotic interactions with rhizobial bacteria to efficiently utilize nitrogen. Recent progress in symbiosis has revealed several key components of host plants required for nitrogen-fixing nodule organogenesis, in which complicated metabolic and signaling pathways in the host plant are reprogrammed to generate nodules in the cortex upon perception of the rhizobial Nod facto...

In this study, the nitrogen fixing bacteria VIT SS 1-6 were screened from the root nodules of Groundnut (Family: Fabaceae, Species: Arachis hypogaea) collected from Vellore district were examined for their plant growth promoting properties. Of the six isolates obtained, five were fast growing and one was slow growing. The slow growing species VIT SS5 was further examined for its nitrogen fixing...

Sophora tomentosa is a pantropical legume species with potential for recovery of areas degraded by salinization, and for stabilization of sand dunes. However, few studies on this species have been carried out, and none regarding its symbiotic relationship with beneficial soil microorganisms. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from nodules ...

Type 3 (T3) effector proteins, secreted by nitrogen-fixing rhizobia with a bacterial T3 secretion system, affect the nodulation of certain host legumes. The open reading frame y4lO of Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 encodes a protein with sequence similarities to T3 effectors from pathogenic bacteria (the YopJ effector family). Transcription studies showed that the promoter activity of y4lO depende...

In nitrogen-fixing nodules of legumes such as pea (Pisum) and Medicago spp. the plant induces terminal differentiation in rhizobial endosymbionts by targeting nodule-specific cysteine-rich defensin-like peptides into bacteria. However, other soybean Lotus bacterial does not occur; these lack genes encoding equivalent controlling development. Here, we review effects some on rhizobia address ques...