Background: Over the past two decades, population aging and the introduction of the new postgraduate medical education program in 2004 have impacted on the geographic maldistribution of physicians in Japan. The purpose of this study was to evaluate recent changes in physician distribution across municipalities from 1996 to 2012 using Gini coefficients and to clarify the impact of the new medica...

Income and wealth differ over the life cycle. In cross-sectional distributions of income or wealth, classical inequality measures such as the Gini, could therefore find substantial inequality even if everyone have the same life-time income or wealth. We describe the AG index (Almås and Mogstad, 2011) which is a generalization of the classical Gini index with attractive properties, and we provid...

This paper surveys alternative ways of expressing the Gini mean difference and the Gini coefficient. It adds some new representations and new interpretations of Gini's mean difference and the Gini coefficient. All in all, there are over a dozen alternative ways of writing the Gini, which can be useful in developing applications to Gini-based statistics. Mailing Address: Department of Economics ...

background: the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the inequality of geographical distribution of non-cardiac intensive care beds in iran using the gini coefficient. methods: the population information of iran's provinces in 2006 was obtained from the statistical center of iran and the number of non-cardiac intensive care beds (including icu, posticu and nicu beds) in all provinces wa...

Gini coefficient is among the most popular and widely used measures of income inequality in economic studies, with various extensions and applications in finance and other related areas. This paper studies confidence intervals on the Gini coefficient for simple random samples, using normal approximation, bootstrap percentile, bootstrap-t and the empirical likelihood method. Through both theory ...