Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and TGF-β-promoted epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been postulated to be the common pathway causing pulmonary fibrosis. However, the up- or downstreaming markers of TGF-β-induced EMT still need to be further recognized. In the present study, we investigated the regulation on Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF-4) and plasminogen activator in...

AIM To explore the exact interaction between Notch and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling in liver fibrosis. METHODS We established a rat model of liver fibrosis induced by concanavalin A. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from the modeled rats, and cultured with γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT and TGF-β inhibitor for 24 h. The mRNA levels of Notch and TGF-β signal...

Abstract Introduction High-grade primary brain tumors cause serious morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) suppressor mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) receptors in high-grade tumors. Material Method Thirteen patients with a pathological diagnosis glioblastoma multiforme were included study. Pathological preparations eac...

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) functions as a potent proliferation inhibitor and apoptosis inducer in the early stages of breast cancer, yet promotes cancer aggressiveness in the advanced stages. The dual effect of TGF-β on cancer development is known as TGF-β paradox, and the remarkable functional conversion of TGF-β is a pivotal and controversial phenomenon that has been widely inves...

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent growth inhibitor in normal epithelial cells. However, a number of malignant tumors produce excessive amounts of TGF-β, which affects the tumor-associated microenvironment by furthering the progression of tumorigenicity. Although it is known that the tumor-associated microenvironment often becomes hypoxic, how hypoxia influences TGF-β signaling in...

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling are required for hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation under pathological conditions such as liver metastatic tumor growth. These two signaling pathways are functionally divergent; PDGF signaling promotes proliferation and migration of HSCs, and TGF-β induces transdifferentiation of quiescent HSCs into myo...

TGF-β signaling regulates several different biological processes involving cell-growth, differentiation, apoptosis, motility, angiogenesis, epithelial mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix production that affects embryonic development and pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, its effects depending on the cellular context and physiological environment. Growth suppression ...

PURPOSE Overexpression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is thought to promote survival of transformed cells. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) exerts anti-proliferative effects on a broad range of epithelial cells. In the current study, we investigated whether TGF-β can regulate COX-2 expression in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells, which are TGF-β-responsive and overexpress COX-2. MATERIALS...

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a normal cell differentiation event during development and contributes pathologically to carcinoma and fibrosis progression. EMT often associates with increased transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, and TGF-β drives EMT, in part through Smad-mediated reprogramming of gene expression. TGF-β also activates the Erk MAPK pathway through recruitme...