BACKGROUND Synchronous spinal intradural ependymal cysts and sacral Tarlov cysts in adult onset tethered cord syndrome are extremely rare. CASE DESCRIPTION A 23-year-old male presented with back pain radiating into both lower extremities, accompanied by acute onset of gait difficulty and sphincter dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a low lying conus medullaris, syringomyelia w...

Short trunk dwarfism with multiple vertebral segmentation defects (MVSD) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the presence of multiple vertebral and rib abnormalities. A two and one-half year-old female with the spondylothoracic dysostosisform of MVSD is presented. In addition to skeletal anomalies, a lumbar hemangioma, bilateral foot deformities, distal leg atrophy an...

MR examinations of the spine were reviewed in 25 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tethered spinal cord. In 21 patients (84%), the level of the tip of the conus was below the mid L2 vertebral body. The causes of the tethering were spinal lipomas (72%), tight filum terminale syndrome (12%), diastematomyelia (8%), and myelomeningocele (8%). These entities were readily identified in all instan...

Introduction: Perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas (PMAVF) are defined as direct fistulous connections located on the pial surface of the spinal cord, between the anterior and/or posterior spinal arteries and the medullary veins, without any intervening nidus. PMAVFs constitute about 4% to 38% of all SCAVMs and are rare in children. The association of syringohydromyelia with low lying tethered ...