Unilateral orchidectomy (UO) is required when further breeding potential is important. It is sometimes necessary to remove a single testis in a matured stallion for therapeutic reasons. In this study, twelve donkeys were used to evaluate three techniques of unilateral castration, histological and morphological changes on the remaining testis. Results of the study showed that each of the surgica...

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus has adverse effects on male sexual and reproductive functions in human and animals. Diabetes results in reduced fertility and libido. Medicinal plants have attracted much attention in controlling many diseases such as diabetes. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of garlic juice on testicular damage. Methods: Forty male rats (250±20) wer...

Cancer-testis antigens are tumor antigens that their expression is almost limited to male germ cells in the testis. Some of cancer-testis antigens are also expressed in the ovary and in trophoblasts. Recently their expression has been seen in different types of tumors. Many pathophysiologic studies suggest that a blood-testis barrier exists in the testis. Because spermatogenesis begins at puber...

The testicular vasculature forms a complex network, providing oxygenation, micronutrients, and waste clearance from the testis. The vasculature is also instrumental to testis function because it is both the route by which gonadotropins are delivered to the testis and by which T is transported away to target organs. Whether Sertoli cells play a role in regulating the testicular vasculature in po...

C-kit positive (c-kit(+)) cells are usual tissue-specific stem cells. However, in postnatal testis, undifferentiated spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are c-kit negative (c-kit(-)) and activation of c-kit represents the start of SSC differentiation, leaving an intriguing question whether other c-kit(+) cells exist and participate in the postnatal development of testis. To this end, a feasible sy...

TRA98 is a rat monoclonal antibody (mAb) which recognizes specific antigen in the nuclei of germ cells. mAb has been used to understand mechanism cell development and differentiation many studies. In mice, recognized by or GCNA1 reported be GCNA gene product, but despite demonstration immunoreactivity this human testis sperm 1997, humans remains unknown, as date. To identify TRA98, comprehensiv...

The distribution and regulation of annexin A5 expression, a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor regulated protein in gonadotropes and luteal cells, in the testes of rats were examined. Immunocytochemical staining revealed high levels of annexin A5 in the Leydig and endothelial cells and lower levels in the primary spermatocytes and sperm. Hemicastration significantly increased the an...

Background: To improve the athletic ability and muscle mass, anabolic androgenic steroids are abused by athletes. Little is known about how these compounds affect the fine structures of the testis. This study aimed to identify the changes in the fine structure of testis following administration of nandrolone decanoate. Methods: Twenty five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two expe...

Sexual identity is continuously maintained in specific differentiated cell types long after sex determination occurs during development. In the adult Drosophila testis, the putative transcription factor Chronologically inappropriate morphogenesis (Chinmo) acts with the canonical male sex determinant DoublesexM (Dsx(M)) to maintain the male identity of somatic cyst stem cells and their progeny. ...