T HE discrete memoryless broadcast channel (%P(YJlX), 94 x 3) consists of three finite sets % ., 9, % and a probability transition matrixp(y,zjx). Let p,(ylx) andp,(zIx) be the two marginals of p(y,zlx), and let P, and P2 denote the discrete memoryless channels with probability transition matrices p&y Ix) and pz(zlx), respectively. Recall the following three relations between P, and P2. Definit...

This study aims at finding out if households or organizations are faster in their acceptance of a technological innovation. The object of this study is digital terrestrial television (DTT), specifically the implementation of DTT in Denmark. The theoretical framework is diffusion of innovation theory. Three surveys were carried out for both households and organizations. Based on the surveys, the...

As digital television matures, applications which utilize data embedded in the broadcast television signal are likely to be an important feature of the new medium. This paper explores some of the issues involved in the implementation of systems for the utilization of data which accompanies digital television's video and audio content. Chief among these issues are those which

In order to reduce the ecotoxicity of paper mill, four different enzymatic pretreatment strategies were investigated in comparison to conventional chemical based processes. In strategy I, xylanase-aided pretreatment of pulp was carried out, and in strategy II, xylanase and laccase-mediator systems were used sequentially. Moreover, to compare the efficiency of Bacillus stearothermophilus xylanas...

Fluoxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) widely used in the treatment of major depression. It has been detected in surface and wastewaters, being able to negatively affect aquatic organisms. Most of the ecotoxicity studies focused only in pharmaceuticals, though excipients can also pose a risk to non-target organisms. In this work the ecotoxicity of five medicines (three ge...

The avermectins, milbemycins and spinosyns are collectively referred to as macrocyclic lactones (MLs) which comprise several classes of chemicals derived from cultures of soil micro-organisms. These compounds are extensively and increasingly used in veterinary medicine and agriculture. Due to their potential effects on non-target organisms, large amounts of information on their impact in the en...

Past petroleum-extraction activities in Ecuador have contaminated its Amazon region. To assess the environmental impact attributed to remediation regarding cleanup of these oil spills, two scenarios were studied according Life Cycle Analysis methodology: (1) No-action, which means leave contamination place without any further action and (2) Environmental remediation, where environmental-load re...

The construction industry plays a significant role in contributing to various environmental impacts, including climate change, acidification, and ecotoxicity, among others. This research paper presents scientific analysis focused on the evaluation of masonry residential house by life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Specifically, it investigates impacts associated with production phase mater...

The risk of global water crisis is becoming more evident due to the increase in overall urban population and reduction freshwater availability. Treated greywater using greenwall technology was identified as a potential method produce for non-potable applications. filtering media acts growing plants filtration medium. In this study, pollutant removal efficiency environmental impacts associated w...

BACKGROUND The regulatory evaluation of ecotoxicity studies for environmental risk and/or hazard assessment of chemicals is often performed using the method established by Klimisch and colleagues in 1997. The method was, at that time, an important step toward improved evaluation of study reliability, but lately it has been criticized for lack of detail and guidance, and for not ensuring suffici...