Overgrazing, via harvesting of forage species and decrease the other herbs, is of progressive factors in biodiversity destroying. In order to investigate the animal grazing impacts on changing of plant structure and diversity, we selected the comparison between this effect with exclosure area, and proving of the excluded area effects on plant diversity; two sites of Kojour rangeland, Mazandran ...

The study of the relationships of the plant species with the soil in a salty ecosystem would play a significant role in the ecologic programming and management of these inhabitants. The saline and alkaline rangelands of the Golestan province are areas that contain salty soil with high underground crusts. The areas are covered by halophyte plants such as Frankenia hirsuta. This species is a pere...

Rangeland degradation is one of the global concerns affecting the pastoralists and those who suffer from its negative environmental consequences. Grazing exclosure has been extensively used among the techniques implemented by the government to protect the fertility of threatened rangelands. The impact of exclosure has been a controversial issue; therefore, it is important to understand its effe...

The use of exclosure for ecological restoration has become an increasingly vital approach to reversing degraded lands. Its effectiveness in restoring lands could be varied with differences climate, vegetation type and soil properties. Thus, the objective this study was determine effect on selected physical chemical properties soil. A six-year-old adjacent open land same history land-use types w...

In sedentary animals, the choice of a suitable home site is critical to survival and reproductive fitness. However, habitat suitability may vary with predation risk. We compared habitat use of Arctic ground squirrels (Spermophilus parryii plesius) living in the boreal forest under conditions of fluctuating predation pressure. In our study area, predators show ten-year cycles in numbers that tra...

Wild burros (Equus asinus), protected by the 1971 Wild Free-Roaming Horse and Burro Act on some federal lands but exotic animals many ecologists and resource mangers view as damaging to native ecosystems, represent one of the most contentious environmental management problems in American Southwest arid lands. This review synthesizes the scattered literature about burro effects on plant communit...

this study conducted to investigate the effects of grazing in a short-term stocking system on the water-soluble carbohydrates (wsc) and nitrogen (n) reserves of permanent parts of bromus tomentellus, cephalaria kotschyi and ferula haussknekhtii in saral rangelands. a key area was selected with a permanent exclosure area and two temporary exclosure areas. root excavation was conducted at six to ...

Objective: Empirical evidence on the potential of area exclosure in restoration severely degraded lands is crucially important. Thus, a study was conducted to examine influence age vegetation structure, diversity, and biomass carbon stock central dry lowland Ethiopia. Methods: Exclosures 5, 15, >20 years old, adjacent open grazing land were selected. Data collected using 20 × m sampling quad...

subalpine rangeland as a rara avis ecosystem is very important because ofecological features. consistency and resistance of this ecosystem is so frangible and itsnatural equilibrium is instable due to the effects of biotic and abiotic factors. the landslideas one of negative consequences in upland area is seen in masoleh watershed (north ofiran). this study has investigated the roles of biotic ...