BACKGROUND Preclinical and early phase clinical microbicide studies have not consistently predicted the outcome of efficacy trials. To address this gap, candidate biomarkers of microbicide pharmacodynamics and safety were evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of tenofovir gel, the first microbicide to demonstrate significant protection against HIV acquisition. METHODS 30 women...

BACKGROUND Abacavir-lamivudine and tenofovir DF-emtricitabine fixed-dose combinations are commonly used as first-line antiretroviral therapies. However, few studies have comprehensively compared their relative safety profiles. METHODS In this European, multicenter, open-label, 96-week study, antiretroviral-naive adult subjects with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were randomized ...

As the risk of tenofovir-associated renal toxicity has been found to be proportional to the drug plasma concentration, our aim was to measure the determinants of tenofovir plasma exposure in HIV-positive patients with normal renal function. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in HIV-positive patients chronically receiving tenofovir-containing highly active antiretroviral therapies (HAARTs)...

BACKGROUND Fibrosing diseases are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and, therefore, there is a need for safe and effective antifibrotic therapies. Adenosine, generated extracellularly by the dephosphorylation of adenine nucleotides, ligates specific receptors which play a critical role in development of hepatic and dermal fibrosis. Results of recent clinical trials indicate t...

OBJECTIVES To study the correlations of genetic variants of tenofovir tubular transporters, plasma tenofovir concentrations and clinical factors with decreased glomerular filtration rate in HIV-infected patients who received tenofovir. METHODS A total of 117 HIV-1-infected patients were administered antiretroviral therapy with tenofovir/lamivudine/efavirenz. Two single nucleotide polymorphism...

INTRODUCTION In April 2010, tenofovir replaced stavudine in public-sector first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in South Africa. The association of tenofovir with fewer side effects and toxicities compared to stavudine could translate to increased durability of tenofovir-based regimens. We evaluated changes over time in regimen durability at the Themba Lethu Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa...

The effect of discrete esters and ester mixtures on the intestinal stability and absorption of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF, an esterase-sensitive prodrug of the antiviral tenofovir) was compared with the effect of strawberry extract, which has been shown to enhance the absorption of the prodrug across Caco-2 monolayers and in rat ileum. In addition, the mechanism of absorption e...

OBJECTIVE To compare the rate of decline of renal function in tenofovir- and abacavir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in low-body weight treatment-naïve patients with HIV infection. DESIGN We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of 503 Japanese patients who commenced on either tenofovir- or abacavir-based initial ART. METHODS The incidence of renal dysfunction, defined as...

hibitors used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)1. Tenofovir can be administered once-daily at a dose of 300 mg in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. The advantage of once-daily dosing is a reduction in patient drug load. Also, tenofovir appeared to be well tolerated with low rates of drug-related therapy discontinuation in several clinical trials. Thus, tenofovir use is expe...

Tenofovir is a nucleotide analogue used for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and HIV infection. The safety of tenofovir is high but it has been described that tenofovir produces tubular toxicity and Fanconi's syndrome in some HIV-infected patients. To our knowledge this is the first documented case of bone involvement in Fanconi's syndrome in a patient treated with tenofovir for chronic hep...