The modern CT simulator is capable of interactive three-dimensional (3D) volumetric treatment planning; this allows radiation oncology departments to operate without conventional X-ray simulators. Treatment planning is performed at the time of virtual simulation by contouring the organs or volumes of interest and determining the isocenter. A digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) provides a b...

External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) remains the mainstay for radical treatments, in malignancies in head and neck regions. Teletherapy with cobalt-60 isotope machines are still available for cancer management in countries with more population, and their continuation as a basic machine has been recommended [1]. With linear accelerators, the present day radiotherapy for radical treatments in head a...

OBJECTIVE The goal of the Radiation standards and Dosimetry is to ensure that the output of the Teletherapy Unit is within ±2% of the stated one and the output of the treatment dose calculation methods are within ±5%. In the present paper, we studied the dosimetry of Cobalt-60 (Co-60) Teletherapy unit at Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) for last 10 years. Radioactivity is th...

Human cancer is probably as old as the human race. For normal cells, the growth, division and death of cells occur in a controlled manner. Cancer cells on the other hand multiply in an uncontrolled way creating tumors. Tumors may replace healthy tissues and often start spreading to other parts of the body, leading to a lifethreatening situation. If untreated, most cancers lead to protracted suf...