Stanniocalcin (STC) is a homodimeric glycoprotein hormone implicated in calcium and phosphate regulation in both teleost fish and mammals. In the present study, immunostaining with salmon STC antiserum demonstrated that STC cells were localized in both the corpuscles of Stannius (CS) and in specific cells of the distal renal tubules of the silver arawana, Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, an ancient ra...

Na(+)/H(+) exchangers (NHE) are a family of ion exchangers with diverse functions that are well defined in mammals. NHE-1 is expressed in the plasma membrane of most mammalian cells where it regulates intracellular pH, and usually in the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells. It has also been detected in teleost gills where it may participate in systemic pH regulation. NHE-3 is usually expre...

Innate immune response is a primitive form of defense mechanism existent in plants and animals. It is a complex system which, in vertebrates, is composed of cellular and humoral responses. The vertebrate teleost fish, which diverged from the tetrapod lineage about 450 million years ago, has an innate immune component that shows considerable conservation with higher vertebrates particularly in m...

The vertebrate neural tube develops by two distinct mechanisms. Anteriorly, in the brain and future trunk (cervicothoracic) region, 'primary neurulation' occurs, where an epithelial sheet rolls or bends into a tube. Posteriorly, in the future lumbar and tail region, the neural tube forms by 'secondary neurulation', where a mesenchymal cell population condenses to form a solid rod that undergoes...

Two major strategies are apparent for the regulation of gas transport by vertebrate blood except in the myxinoids, which seem to have little scope for such regulation. In lampreys and teleost fish, haemoglobins have low buffering capacities and large Bohr/Haldane effects. Na+/H+ exchange plays an important role in the control of haemoglobin oxygen-affinity in these vertebrate groups. The large ...

I describe and characterize the extensive amplification of the zinc finger domain of Piccolo selectively in teleost fish. Piccolo and Bassoon are partially functionally redundant and play roles in regulating the pool of neurotransmitter-filled synaptic vesicles present at synapses. In mice, each protein contains two N-terminal zinc finger domains that have been implicated in interacting with sy...

Teleost fish rely heavily on their innate immunity for an adequate response against pathogens and environmental challenges, with the production of antimicrobial peptides being one of their first lines of defense. Among those is hepcidin, a small cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide that is also the key regulator of iron metabolism. Although most mammals possess a single hepcidin gene, with a dua...

The teleost non-specific cytotoxic cell (NCC), as the evolutionary precursors of NK cells, is an important population in innate immune system teleost. We have recently realized that costimulatory CD80/86 conservation structural and interactional features with its ligand CD28 Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). However, ability to regulate NCC activity has not been fully investigated. In prese...

In the past decade, growth hormones (GHs) have been isolated from the pituitaries of several teleost species including tilapia, salmon, carp, and eel.1~9) Although teleost GHs may be useful in promoting growth in aquaculture, little is known about appropriate routes, doses, or patterns of administration. Considerable amounts of teleost GHsare required to clarify both the mode of action of teleo...