a twenty-year-old girl was referred with tracheal stenosis (ts) which was a consequence of prolonged intubation after head injury because of previous car accident. the patient was aphasic and had normal respiration. fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed complete tracheal obstruction at second tracheal ring level. distal trachea was normal through tracheostomy tube. removal of the tracheostomy tube and...

Stob NR, Bell C, van Baak MA, Seals DR. Thermic effect of food and -adrenergic thermogenic responsiveness in habitually exercising and sedentary healthy adult humans. J Appl Physiol 103: 616–622, 2007. First published April 26, 2007; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01434.2006.—The thermic effect of food (TEF) is an important physiological determinant of total daily energy expenditure (EE) and energy b...

alpha(1)-Adrenergic signaling in cardiac myocytes activates the skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene through an MCAT cis-element, the binding site of the transcriptional enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1) family of transcription factors. TEF-1 accounts for more than 85% of the MCAT binding activity in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Other TEF-1 family members account for the rest. Although TEF-1 itself has l...

The thermic effect (TEF) of vegetarian meals was easured for breakfast and lunch in 6 lean healthy men (18-25 years) during normal feeding (NF) and with 20% overfeeding (OF) on 28 successive days. The energy contents of breakfast were 223 +10 and 330 +48 kcal, and those of lunch were 1,033 +22and 1,247 +222 kcal in NF and OF, respectively. In NF, the TEF per 180 min was 32.7 +8.6 and 54.8 +6.3 ...

BACKGROUND The thermic effect of food (TEF) is higher in lean than in obese human subjects. OBJECTIVE Relationships between TEF and insulin resistance during meals, from the point of view of autonomic nervous activity, were evaluated. METHODS Autonomic nervous activity was evaluated in 20 young adults using the spectral analysis of heart rate variability from one hour before to two hours af...

Genetic improvement of native crops is a new and promising strategy to combat hunger in the developing world. Tef is the major staple food crop for approximately 50 million people in Ethiopia. As an indigenous cereal, it is well adapted to diverse climatic and soil conditions; however, its productivity is extremely low mainly due to susceptibility to lodging. Tef has a tall and weak stem, liabl...

MCAT elements are located in the promoter-enhancer regions of cardiac, smooth, and skeletal muscle-specific genes including cardiac troponin T, beta-myosin heavy chain, smooth muscle alpha-actin, and skeletal alpha-actin, and play a key role in the regulation of these genes during muscle development and disease. The binding factors of MCAT elements are members of the transcriptional enhancer fa...

The thermic effect of food (TEF), defined as the increase in metabolic rate after ingestion of a meal, has been studied extensively, but its role in body weight regulation is controversial. We analyzed 13 1 TEF tests from a wide range of subjects ingesting meals of varying sizes and compositions. Each test lasted 6 h. Of the total 6-h TEF, 60% of the total had been measured after 3 h, 78% after...

The purpose of this study was to determine if breakfast macronutrient composition improved thermic effect of feeding (TEF) and appetite after a one-week adaptation in young women who habitually skip breakfast. A randomized, controlled study was conducted in females (24.1 ± 2 years), who skip breakfast (≥5 times/week). Participants were placed into one of three groups for eight days (n = 8 per g...

In recombination-proficient organisms, chiasmata appear to mediate associations between homologs at metaphase of meiosis I. It is less clear how homolog associations are maintained in organisms that lack recombination, such as male Drosophila. In lieu of chiasmata and synaptonemal complexes, there must be molecules that balance poleward forces exerted across homologous centromeres. Here we desc...